Abstract: An encoder connected to an object is provided. The encoder includes a plate, a sensor, a memory and a processor. The plate has a pattern thereon. The sensor is configured to obtain an image of a portion of the pattern. The memory is configured to store a first set of reference images corresponding to a portion of the pattern and angle and/or position information corresponding to the first set of images. The processor is configured to shift the first set of reference images to obtain a second set of reference images and to compare the obtained image with the first set of reference images and/or the second set of reference images.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a robotic gripper comprising a body and two robotic fingers mounted to the body. Each robotic finger includes a first link, a second link, a third link, a fourth link, a first joint, a second joint and a third joint. The first joint connects the first link and the second link, and the second joint connects the second link and the third link, and the third joint connects the third link and the fourth link. These links and these joints are comprised of elastic material and are formed in one piece.

Abstract: A coding disc having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface is provided. The coding disc includes a first aperture and a second aperture. The first aperture penetrates the coding disc from the first surface of the coding disc to the second surface of the coding disc. The first aperture has a first width. The second aperture penetrates the coding disc from the first surface of the coding disc to the second surface of the coding disc. The second aperture has a second width. The second width of the second aperture is different from the first width of the first aperture.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a robot comprises a movable base and a torso arranged on the base. The torso comprises a first portion mounted to the base; a second portion installed to the first portion, wherein the second portion could be moved relative to the first portion; and a support substantially connected to the second portion.

Abstract: A code plate including a pattern thereon is provided. The pattern includes a first set of codes and a second set of codes. The first set of codes is associated with a first waveform. The second set of codes is associated with a second waveform.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a robotic arm comprising a first arm unit, a second arm unit, a third arm unit, a first drive system, a second drive system and a third drive system. The first arm unit is connected to the second arm unit, and the second arm unit is connected to the third arm unit. The first, second and third drive systems cause the second arm unit to move relative to the first arm unit and cause the third arm unit to move relative to the second arm unit.