Abstract: A photographic printer or developing machine has a station for processing photographic material. A station for accommodating a mobile, carriage-like cassette in an operative position is disposed adjacent to the processing station on either side thereof. One of the operative stations receives a take-off cassette carrying a reel of photographic material to be processed while the other operative station receives a take-up cassette. An additional station for holding a replacement cassette in a ready position is located next to each of the operative stations. A propelling mechansm for pushing a cassette out of its operative position is provided at each operative station as is a drawing mechanism for pulling a replacement cassette from the ready position to the operative position.

Abstract: A photographic developing apparatus has an elastic conveyor belt and at least one clamp which is designed to be mounted on the conveyor belt and to engage a strip of photographic material. The clamp has spaced gripping elements which define an opening of width less than that of the conveyor belt and are arranged to engage the marginal portions of the belt. A mechanism for mounting the clamp on the conveyor belt is also provided and includes a female die as well as a male die. The mounting mechanism additionally includes means for juxtaposing the clamp and the belt with one another in such a manner that the central portion of the belt and the opening in the clamp are each in register with a cavity in the female die while the marginal portions of the belt are movably confined between the clamp and support surfaces on the female die. When the clamp and the belt are thus positioned, the male die is moved into the female die. This causes the marginal portions of the belt to approach one another.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for generating correcting signals for correcting the video output signal of an electro-optical document reading apparatus of the line-wise scanning type are disclosed. The method of the invention employs a successive approximation procedure for determining the correcting factors pertaining to pixels within each scanning line, the checking cycles of the procedures corresponding with each correction word however are nested.

Abstract: A microfilm pickup camera comprises a device for continually horizontally transporting originals to be projected in the camera through the camera, and an ink printing head for marking originals before they enter an exposure station provided in the camera. The ink printing head is provided with a drive which pivots, rotates and displaces the ink printing head between a use position, a cleaning position and a non-operative position. The printing head is EDV-controlled.

Abstract: A drying arrangement for strips or sheets of photosensitive material includes a pair of infrared heating rods which are located on opposite sides and extend transversely of the path of travel of the photosensitive material. A parabolic reflector is associated with each of the heating rods and serves to direct radiant energy from the same onto the photosensitive material. The heating rods lie at the focal points of the respective parabolic reflectors. Each of the reflectors has a symmetry plane which is inclined with reference to the path of the photosensitive material in such a manner that the line of intersection of the symmetry plane and the path is situated downstream of the location where a perpendicular from the focal point of the reflector to the path intersects the latter. By virtue of this arrangement, more radiant energy is directed to the upstream portion of the drying arrangement than to the downstream portion thereof. As a result, a thermal gradient exists in the drying arrangement.

Abstract: In order to develop color-photographic images by the color diffusion process, a first cylindrical container (1) for receiving the aqueous-alkaline working solution (4) is provided having a threaded bushing (7) on its upper edge and a contact safeguard (5) under the bushing. A second container (2) for receiving the image-wise exposed mono-sheet material (10) to be developed is also provided which has a threaded core (9), by which it may be screwed into the threaded bushing (7) of the first container (1) and may be tightly sealed therewith. Development takes place according to the overturning method and may be carried out in a lightroom.

Abstract: A plane film cassette has a housing with an illumination opening and a slot, a light-protective cover insertable into the slot to protect a film, and light-tight elements located at opposite sides of the slot and magnetically attractable towards one another so that one of the light-tight elements can move towards the other light-tight element, whereby with the inserted light-protective cover this light-tight element abuts against the latter and with the withdrawn light-protective cover the light-tight elements abut against one another in light-tight manner.

Abstract: Cyan images may be prepared by the dye diffusion transfer process, using dye-releasers which on development release diffusible dyes capable of forming light-fast cyan metal-dye-complexes particularly with copper or nickel ions. As also the dye-releasers are capable of complexation, cyan images can be prepared not only from the released dyes but also from the dye-releasers ("retained image"). Released dyes and dye-releasers of the present invention contain a chromophor of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each represents --H, --F, --Cl, --Br, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --SCF.sub.3, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acylamino, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, --CO--X or --SO.sub.2 --Y or two adjacent groups R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 together constitute a condensed benzene ring which may contain further substituents;R.sup.5 represents hydrogen or a substituent having an electron donor character;R.sup.

Abstract: Direct-positive silver halide emulsions comprising fogged silver halide grains and an electron acceptor are described wherein the emulsion is spectrally sensitized by means of 2-aryl-indolocarbocyanines. The combination of electron acceptors and these spectral sensitizers provides super-sensitizing effects that are not impaired by the presence of color couplers.

Abstract: A toner material for use in the development of electrostatic charge patterns is described which comprises carbon black as coloring material, polystyrene as thermoplastic resin binder and at least one diester of orthophthalic or metaphthalic acid that is solid at room temperature as plasticizer, wherein the polystyrene binder has a molecular weight comprised between about 30,000 and about 70,000, the proportion by weight of the carbon black to the binder is comprised between about 5:100 and about 20:100, and the proportion by weight of the said plasticizer(s) to the binder is comprised between about 2:100 and about 15:100. The toner material is of a very simple and inexpensive composition and nevertheless has optimum photographic and physical properties.

Abstract: An installation for burning waste solvents is characterized by the use of a concentrically constructed nozzle by means of which the waste solvents and a mixture of compressed air and fuel may be burned simultaneously. The compressed air/fuel mixture may either serve to warm up the incinerator prior to the introduction therein of the waste solvents or may be used to support the incineration of waste solvents when the latter have a low heat value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining the modulation transfer function of a recording support or of an optical system. In the context of the invention, an optical system includes any components with finite apertures which are required for forming an image of an object. A coherent-optically produced scatterer of known noise distribution or with a known spatial frequency spectrum is used for determining the required modulation transfer function. The modulation transfer function can be determined through the density of transparency distributions present on the recording support.