Abstract: A low thermal expansion cordierite aggregate, which consists mainly of cordierite crystals having a mean crystal diameter of at least 50 .mu.m and has little orientation in the crystal structure, shows hysteresis in its thermal expansion property accompanying a rise and fall of the temperature, and has a mean thermal expansion coefficient within a temperature range of from room temperature to 1000.degree. C. of at most 10.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C.

Abstract: A substrate for a display device wherein a plurality of row electrode lines and a plurality of column electrode lines are arranged in a matrix form on a substrate; pixel electrodes and pixel-drive-TFTs each having a polycrystalline semiconductor channel are provided so as to correspond to each intersection of the row electrode lines and the column electrode lines; the pixel-drive-TFTs are arranged in a line-like form in the direction of row electrode line; row signals are supplied through the row electrode lines to the pixel-drive-TFTs; and column signals are supplied through the column electrode lines to the pixel-drive-TFTs; a plurality of row driver circuits for supplying row signals are formed on the substrate so as to correspond to each of the row electrode lines; each of the row driver circuits has row-drive-TFTs; the row-drive-TFT has a polycrystalline semiconductor channel; and the row-drive-TFT is arranged in a line-like form in the direction of row electrode line with respect to the pixel-drive-TFTs

Abstract: A glass substrate for a magnetic disk having an inner peripheral edge and an outer peripheral edge, wherein the surface of at least the inner peripheral edge is treated by etching to have a surface roughness such that, as measured by a three dimensional scanning electron microscope at randomly selected at least four places with a reference length of 240 .mu.m and a cut-off wavelength of arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of 80 .mu.m, the mean value of arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) is from 1.0 to 6.0 .mu.m, and the mean value of the number of peaks is within a range of from 8 to 30.

Abstract: A low thermal expansion cordierite aggregate, which consists mainly of cordierite crystals having a mean crystal diameter of at least 50 .mu.m and has little orientation in the crystal structure, shows hysteresis in its thermal expansion property accompanying a rise and fall of the temperature, and has a mean thermal expansion coefficient within a temperature range of from room temperature to 1000.degree. C. of at most 10.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C.

Abstract: A magnetic disc having one or multiple undercoat layers, a continuous thin film magnetic layer or continuous thin film multiple magnetic layers, a protective layer and a lubricant layer sequentially laminated on a non-magnetic disc substrate, which has surface roughness on the surface of the magnetic disc, said surface roughness being such that when the surface roughness is measured by an atomic force microscope or a scanning tunnel microscope, the maximum peak height is from 150 .ANG. to 800 .ANG. based on the height giving the highest frequency in the height distribution of the surface roughness, and the depth (D.sub.0.5) at a bearing ratio of 0.5% from the highest point is from 80 .ANG. to 450 .ANG..

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a magnetic thin film represented by the formula Co.sub.100-a-b-x-y-z Ni.sub.a Cr.sub.b Pt.sub.x M.sub.y Oz wherein a, b, x, y and z are atomic % satisfying 0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.15, 0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.15, 0<x.ltoreq.20, 0<y .ltoreq.20, 0<z.ltoreq.40, y+z.ltoreq.40, and a+b+x+y+z.ltoreq.60, and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, B, Zr, Al, Y, P, Ti, Sn and In.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprises a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between the pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, the nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in a state, the refractive index of the liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of the solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in the other state, the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, wherein the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n of the liquid crystal used is 0.18 or higher, and the dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon..sub.LC of the liquid crystal used satisfies the relation of 5<.DELTA..epsilon..sub.LC <13.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a hydrogen-containing chloromethane such as chloroform at high selectivity in good yield by reducing a polychloromethane such as carbon tetrachloride in the presence of a reduction catalyst.In the present invention, it is important to conduct the reduction reaction in a liquid phase, whereby formation of impurities such as polymers which deactivate the catalyst, can effectively be suppressed, and the high selectivity and high activity of the reduction catalyst can adequately be obtained.As the reduction catalyst, at least one member selected from elements of Groups 8, 9 and 10, such as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and platinum, may suitably be employed. Also a catalyst comprising, as the main component, such an element and having at least one member of Group 11 elements such as copper, silver and gold added thereto, may also suitably be employed.

Abstract: A laser projection apparatus including a liquid crystal optical element of a transparent and scattering type having a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite. A laser beam having a wavelength of approximately 1 .mu.m emitted from a laser beam source is supplied to the liquid crystal optical element, and a projection optical system operates for reduction-projection a laser beam emitted from the liquid crystal optical element onto an object. Further, with respect to a certain pixel of the liquid crystal optical element, there are overlapped portions between lead lines of a common electrode and lead lines of a segment electrode in the vicinity of the pixel, a width W.sub.1 (.mu.m) of the overlapped portion, a reduction projection ratio (projection by 1/N) and a gap d(.mu.m) between electrodes of the liquid crystal optical element satisfy the relation, W.sub.1 +d<10.times.N. Further, the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n of the employed liquid crystal is 0.18 or higher, the viscosity .eta.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprises a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite, in which liquid crystal is dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, which is interposed between a pair of substrates with electrodes at least one of which is transparent, wherein at least one of the substrates with electrodes has a fine concave-convex electrode surface at the side for the liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical element comprises a pair of substrates with electrodes and a liquid crystal and polymer composite material, which is interposed between the pair of substrates, in which liquid crystal is dispersed and held in a polymer matrix so that the refractive index of the polymer matrix substantially coincides with the refractive index of the liquid crystal used in either state of applying a voltage or without applying voltage, and the refractive indices don't coincide with each other in the other state, wherein the elastic modulus of the polymer material which forms the polymer matrix is 3.times.10.sup.7 N/m.sup.2 or less at 20.degree. C. and 1.times.10.sup.3 N/m.sup.2 or more at 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprises a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between the pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, the nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in a state, the refractive index of the liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of the solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in the other state, the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, wherein the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n of the liquid crystal used is 0.18 or higher, and the dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon..sub.LC of the liquid crystal used satisfies the relation of 5<.DELTA..epsilon..sub.LC <13.