Abstract: The invention relates to a process for stabilizing the pH of a pulp suspension with buffering agents and to a process for producing paper from a stabilized pulp suspension. The alkalinity of the pulp suspension is increased by a combination of an alkali metal hydroxide feed and a carbon dioxide feed. Said feeds provide a significant buffering effect which stablilizes the pH of said pulp suspension for the paper making process.

Abstract: A method for recovery of metals from essentially metallic fines comprises the following steps: supplying said essentially metallic fines to a flame of a burner (20), bringing said fines to agglomerate by means of heat from the flame without essentially changing the chemical composition thereof, thereby providing an essentially metallic agglomerated product. The agglomerated product is subsequently recovered, preferably in a furnace (30). By means of the method, the recovery of metals is facilitated. An apparatus for performing the method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for treatment of sludge is disclosed, wherein the sludge has a liquid part and metal-containing particles intermixed therein. The particles comprise metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide and the method comprises the following steps: atomising the sludge; supplying the atomised sludge to a flame of a burner provided in a furnace; bringing the liquid part of the sludge to vaporize by means of the flame while maintaining said flame by means of a separate fuel supply; and bringing at least part of the metal-containing particles to melt by means of the flame. This provides an efficient method for taking care of waste material from plants in the steel or petrochemical industry, for example.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for an integrated treatment of cellulose pulp. The method includes the steps: providing said cellulose pulp (1), providing a determined quantity of white liquor (2) including alkali and sulphur components, providing an oxygen-containing gas, oxidizing (5) the sulphur components of the white liquor by the supply of a part of said gas in such a way that at least a part of the sulphur is present in the form of sulphate, transporting the cellulose pulp having a certain kappa number to at least one mixing device (4), and supplying the oxidized white liquor from the oxidizing step to the cellulose pulp, supplying a part of said gas to the cellulose pulp in said mixing device, mixing the cellulose pulp with the oxidized white liquor and said gas in said mixing device, and transporting the cellulose pulp from said mixing device to a delignification reactor (6) for oxygen delignification of said cellulose pulp, wherein the kappa number is reduced.

Abstract: A process for the bleaching of lignin present in pulp fibers in an aqueous environment such as a pulp suspension. The invention also relates to a process for producing paper or board from pulp containing bleached lignin. According to the invention carbon dioxide is used for the bleaching of lignin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fabrication of a moulded detail in a gas assisted moulding process, wherein molten polymer (23) is injected into the mould cavity (21) of a moulding tool, pressurized fluid (25) is supplied to the mould cavity through at least a first opening (22) to form a cavity (26) in the polymer and force the polymer towards the inner walls of the mould cavity, pressurized fluid (27) is thereafter supplied to the mould cavity through at least a second opening (24) localized remotely front said first opening to form a passage (28) through the polymer to said cavity, the polymer is cooled, pressurized fluid is removed and the mould cavity is opened to remove the moulded detail.

Abstract: The present invention provides food coolers the cooling, in particular deep freezing, of foods produced as moldings (3) comprising a refrigerating space (1) and a conveyor belt (2) for conveying the foods (3) through this refrigerating space (1). The conveyor belt (2) is assigned holding devices (6) for the defined positioning of the moldings (3) on the conveyor belt (2).

Abstract: Arrangement for improving quality in fusion welding operations where protective gas is supplied to the welding point via a hose line. The arrangement comprises means (5, 6), such as a bypass line connected parallel to the solenoid valve (4) which is usually connected into the protective-gas hose (3), in order make a small flush-gas flow pass through the protective-gas hose (3) or a considerable part of its length, when the normal protective-gas flow is shut off. In this way, the quantity of impurities brought along by the protective-gas flow from the inside of the protective-gas hose (3) and supplied to the pool is reduced.

Abstract: A papermaking process wherein calcium carbonate is included in a pulp suspension. The dissolution of the calcium carbonate in the papermaking system is substantially retarded by the introduction of carbon dioxide to said pulp suspension. The invention also provides processes for the production of paper or board in papermaking systems wherein solid calcium carbonate is present as a filler and/or pigment.

Abstract: Flexible conveyor belt of the type which can be assembled to form an endless loop, a part of which forms a number of layers stacked one on another. The belt (3) is constructed from mutually articulatable links which each comprise at least two transverse rods (13) which, at each side edge of the belt, bear support members (12) projecting upwardly from the plane of the belt, which are intended to support a belt layer lying above. The links are interconnected so that they can be displaced relative to one another along at least one side edge of the belt. The support members (12) are connected to the ends of the transverse rods (13) in the belt (3) or constitute extensions of these rods and comprise a stirrup-shaped support portion which projects upwardly from the plane of the belt and interconnects the rods (13) in an associated link of the belt. The invention also relates to a climate chamber comprising a belt according to the above, and a method for treating products in such a climate chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for improving the drainage or dewatering of cellulosic pulp suspensions in a paper making machine, a drying machine or the like assembly. The invention also relates to a process for producing a dried cellulosic product from said pulp suspension. The drainage of said pulp suspension is improved by treating it with carbon dioxide just prior to its entering a dewatering device such as the wire section of a paper machine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilized calcium carbonate filler, a process for stabilizing calcium carbonate, the use of the stabilized filler in a paper making system, and an improved paper making process wherein calcium carbonate is used as a filler. Specifically, the invention relates to a process wherein the rate of dissolution of calcium carbonate filler is retarded as compared to the rate found in conventional paper making processes. The rate of dissolution is retarded by addition of carbon dioxide to a slurry containing the calcium carbonate filler.

Abstract: The invention relates to papermaking processes wherein calcium carbonate is included in a pulp suspension. The dissolution of the calcium carbonate in the papermaking system is prevented or substantially retarded by the introduction of carbon dioxide to said pulp suspension in connection with subjecting said calcium carbonate in said papermaking system to pH conditions of about 8 or lower. The invention also provides processes for the production of paper or board in papermaking systems wherein solid calcium carbonate is present as a filler and/or pigment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for point cooling. The cooling device comprises a cooling channel provided with a defined small end surface (9, 39) and an outlet valve (11) separated therefrom, a container (13) with liquid carbon dioxide and an access conduit (15a-c, 43) connected to said container (13) provided with a nozzle (17, 45) localized to said cooling channel, whereby liquid carbon dioxide is brought to flow from the container out through said nozzle. The invention further comprises to choose the overpressure of the container, adjust the outlet valve (11) and design the nozzle in such a way that the pressure in the cooling channel (7, 35) is kept above the so-called triple point of carbon dioxide and that the distance between the nozzle (17, 45) and the defined small end surface (9, 39) is adapted so as to substantially gasify the carbon dioxide at said end surface.

Abstract: A method for laser welding a metal workpiece comprises providing a process gas consisting essentially of helium and at least 0.5% by volume nitrogen and flushing a weld point with the process gas. The process gas contains no argon or neon and the metal workpiece includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

Abstract: A nebulizer and method for forming a finely atomized aerosol are provided. A first aerosol is formed by passing a gas jet across the mouth of a liquid channel that communicates with a liquid reservoir. The first aerosol then strikes a stop surface and is converted into a second, more finely atomized aerosol. The second aerosol impacts a buffer plate. The larger liquid particles in the second aerosol strike the plate and are either broken up or returned to the liquid reservoir. The smaller particles follow a labyrinthine path through at least one slit-shaped passage in the buffer plate, in the process forming a third, final aerosol. Selection of the passage size allows control of the particle size distribution of the third, final aerosol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for filling an empty, flexible container (8) with gas essentially instantaneously when subjected to powerful retardation forces, wherein the gas-filled container (8) functions as a force-absorbing cushion which protects against injuries, wherein the apparatus includes pressure receptacles (1, 2) which is filled with gas under high pressure, a conduit (5) which connects the receptacles (1, 2) with the container (8), means for opening the connection between the receptacles (1, 2) and the flexible container (8) when subjected to retardation forces that exceed a smallest value, a container-holding device (7), and a retardation meter. The vessel is comprised of two pressure receptacles (1, 2) which are each sealed by means of a closure means and each of which has a respective connection conduit (3 and 4) which joins pressure receptacles (1, 2) to the flexible container (8).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the cleaning of crude tall oil soap. Crude soap floating on top of a layer of black liquor is cleaned with carbon dioxide, in a tall oil recovery system containing a cleaning vessel (T) for crude tall oil soap and black liquor. Said vessel has a carbon dioxide inlet (6) for introducing cleaning carbon dioxide into the soap. The cleaning vessel (T) is also provided with a black liquor separately from the cleaned soap. The cleaned soap may be acidified so as to provide tall oil.

Abstract: An expansion nozzle (20) for making carbon-dioxide snow from liquid carbon dioxide, for spraying refrigerated or frozen items (2), nozzle has an integrated metering valve (30) with a discharge aperture (32), an intake-side valve seat (33), and a valve needle (31) adjustable relative to the valve seat (33). The needle projects into the discharge aperture (32). A jet shaper (60) adjoins the discharge channel (35), in which the liquid carbon dioxide expands within a cross section widened at an end thereof. An expansion region (62) with a diverging cross section has a rectangular flow cross section.

Abstract: A separation device comprises a vessel (1) having an essentially circular cylindrical shape around a center axis (2), a first passage (4) provided in the cylindrical wall of the vessel and a second passage (5), provided in the cylindrical wall of the vessel on a diametrically opposite part thereof. An enclosure means (6) is provided in the vessel (1) to enclose a bed (7) of particulate material and comprises a first and second enclosure panel (8, 9) provided inside the first and second passages (4, 5), respectively, at a distance therefrom to provide a flow distribution space (11) therebetween and being perforated (15) to permit fluid flow therethrough. Each of said enclosure panels (8, 9) has an outer surface which is essentially parallel with the center axis (2) and convex seen from the respective passage (4,5).