Abstract: A plasma source is provided. The plasma source includes at least three hollow cathodes, including a first hollow cathode, a second hollow cathode, and a third hollow cathode, each hollow cathode having a plasma exit region. The plasma source includes a source of power capable of producing multiple output waves, including a first output wave, a second output wave, and a third output wave, wherein the first output wave and the second output wave are out of phase, the second output wave and the third output wave are out of phase, and the first output wave and the third output wave are out of phase. Each hollow cathode is electrically connected to the source of power such that the first hollow cathode is electrically connected to the first output wave, the second hollow cathode is electrically connected to the second output wave, and the third hollow cathode is electrically connected to the third output wave. Electrical current flows between the at least three hollow cathodes that are out of electrical phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glazed element with improved water tightness comprising a fixed frame, at least one gasket Ga and at least one frameless inwardly openable casement wherein the casement comprises a multiple glazing comprising in external position a glass pane including at least one thermally treated glass sheet, the glass pane has an overall bow on at least its bottom edge of at most 3.0 mm/m and the gasket Ga is such that it is in continuous contact with the fixed frame and with at least the bottom edge of the glass pane, when the glazed element is in closed position.

Abstract: The invention relates to an almost opaque decorative glass panel comprising a substrate made of a vitreous material bearing a multilayer stack including at least one light-absorbing functional layer and transparent dielectric coatings such that the light-absorbing functional layer is enclosed between dielectric coatings. The light-absorbing functional layer has a geometric thickness comprised between 25 and 140 nm, and an extinction coefficient k of at least 1.8. The multilayer stack in addition comprises at least one attenuating layer placed between the substrate and the light-absorbing functional layer, having a thickness comprised between 1 and 50 nm, having a refractive index n higher than 1 and an extinction coefficient k of at least 0.5. Furthermore, a transparent dielectric coating the optical thickness of which is comprised between 30 and 160 nm, and the refractive index n of which is higher than 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hollow cathode plasma source and to methods for surface treating or coating using such a plasma source, comprising first and second electrodes (1, 2), each electrode comprising an elongated cavity (4), wherein dimensions for at least one of the following parameters is selected so as to ensure high electron density and/or low amount of sputtering of plasma source cavity surfaces, those parameters being cavity cross section shape, cavity cross section area cavity distance (11), and outlet nozzle width (12).

Abstract: A plasma source is provided. The plasma source includes at least three hollow cathodes, including a first hollow cathode, a second hollow cathode, and a third hollow cathode, each hollow cathode having a plasma exit region. The plasma source includes a source of power capable of producing multiple output waves, including a first output wave, a second output wave, and a third output wave, wherein the first output wave and the second output wave are out of phase, the second output wave and the third output wave are out of phase, and the first output wave and the third output wave are out of phase. Each hollow cathode is electrically connected to the source of power such that the first hollow cathode is electrically connected to the first output wave, the second hollow cathode is electrically connected to the second output wave, and the third hollow cathode is electrically connected to the third output wave. Electrical current flows between the at least three hollow cathodes that are out of electrical phase.

Abstract: A laminated glazed automobile roof including two outer and inner sheets of glass and inserted sheets joining the sheets of glass, and including, arranged between the two sheets of glass, an LC (liquid crystal film) assembly for controlling light transmission, and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting elements.

Abstract: A method of extracting and accelerating ions is provided. The method includes providing a ion source. The ion source includes a chamber. The ion source further includes a first hollow cathode having a first hollow cathode cavity and a first plasma exit orifice and a second hollow cathode having a second hollow cathode cavity and a second plasma exit orifice, the first and second hollow cathodes being disposed adjacently in the chamber. The ion source further includes a first ion accelerator between and in communication with the first plasma exit orifice and the chamber. The first ion accelerator forms a first ion acceleration cavity. The ion source further includes a second ion accelerator between and in communication with the second plasma orifice and the chamber. The second ion accelerator forms a second ion acceleration cavity. The method further includes generating a plasma using the first hollow cathode and the second hollow cathode.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel plasma sources useful in the thin film coating arts and methods of using the same. More specifically, the present invention provides novel linear and two dimensional plasma sources that produce linear and two dimensional plasmas, respectively, that are useful for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The present invention also provides methods of making thin film coatings and methods of increasing the coating efficiencies of such methods.

Abstract: A method for supplying an electronic component of a laminated glazing unit with electrical power, the laminated glazing unit including at least two superposed glass sheets with, interposed, at least one thermoplastic interlayer, the electronic component being housed between the two glass sheets. The electronic component is connected to an electrical current source by an electrically conductive circuit that is housed between the glass sheets. Duration of activation of the electrical current source is controlled by a microcontroller.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass sheet having a luminous transmission LTD4?87% and having a composition free of antimony and arsenic, comprising total iron (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) from 0.002-0.04% and erbium (expressed in the form of Er2O3) from 0.003-0.1%. The glass sheet composition further having a redox ratio ?32% and satisfying the formula 1.3*Fe2O3?Er2O3?21.87*Cr2O3?53.12*Co?2.6*Fe2O3. Such a glass sheet has a high luminous transmittance and has warm-toned to neutral colored edges and is particularly suitable due to its aesthetics as building glass or interior glass, as well as in furniture applications, as automotive glass, or as cover glass in electronic devices/displays.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for cambering glass sheets that are part of the composition of a laminate, comprising raising the temperature until the sheets soften, and shaping the sheets; in said method, after said shaping, the sheets are rapidly cooled to a temperature no greater than that of the glass-transition range, said cooling being carried out in an atmosphere having a controlled temperature in a forced convection treating the two faces of the sheets exposed to said atmosphere and providing a homogeneous temperature over the entire surface area of said sheets, apart from, possibly, the edges of said sheets if said edges are in contact with the support during said cooling.

Abstract: A method of extracting and accelerating ions is provided. The method includes providing a ion source. The ion source includes a chamber. The ion source further includes a first hollow cathode having a first hollow cathode cavity and a first plasma exit orifice and a second hollow cathode having a second hollow cathode cavity and a second plasma exit orifice, the first and second hollow cathodes being disposed adjacently in the chamber. The ion source further includes a first ion accelerator between and in communication with the first plasma exit orifice and the chamber. The first ion accelerator forms a first ion acceleration cavity. The ion source further includes a second ion accelerator between and in communication with the second plasma orifice and the chamber. The second ion accelerator forms a second ion acceleration cavity. The method further includes generating a plasma using the first hollow cathode and the second hollow cathode.

Abstract: A laminated automotive glazing including a PDLC film powered electrically by an AC current or a frequency lower than 100 Hz. The voltage varies non-sinusoidally, and a maximum of an effective voltage does not exceed 80 Vrms.

Abstract: A plasma source is provided. The plasma source includes at least three hollow cathodes, including a first hollow cathode, a second hollow cathode, and a third hollow cathode, each hollow cathode having a plasma exit region. The plasma source includes a source of power capable of producing multiple output waves, including a first output wave, a second output wave, and a third output wave, wherein the first output wave and the second output wave are out of phase, the second output wave and the third output wave are out of phase, and the first output wave and the third output wave are out of phase. Each hollow cathode is electrically connected to the source of power such that the first hollow cathode is electrically connected to the first output wave, the second hollow cathode is electrically connected to the second output wave, and the third hollow cathode is electrically connected to the third output wave. Electrical current flows between the at least three hollow cathodes that are out of electrical phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel plasma sources useful in the thin film coating arts and methods of using the same. More specifically, the present invention provides novel linear and two dimensional plasma sources that produce linear and two dimensional plasmas, respectively, that are useful for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The present invention also provides methods of making thin film coatings and methods of increasing the coating efficiencies of such methods.

Abstract: A laminated glazing including a first glass sheet and a second glass sheet laminated via at least one thermoplastic interlayer, and an optical sensor arranged on the inner face of the laminated glazing. The thermoplastic interlayer includes a zone that is opaque to visible wavelengths and that extends at least in the zone surrounding the optical sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass sheet having a boron- and lithium-free glass composition comprising the following in weight percentage, expressed with respect to the total weight of glass: 65?SiO2?78% 5?Na2O?20% 0?K2O?5% 3<Al2O3?5% 0<CaO<4.5% 5?MgO?12%; and comprising the following: 0.88?[MgO/(MgO+CaO)]<1. The invention corresponds to an easy chemically-temperable soda-silica type glass composition, which is more suited for mass production than aluminosilicate glass, and therefore is available at low cost, and with a base glass/matrix composition that is close to or very similar to compositions already used in existing mass production.

Abstract: An improved laminated assembly comprising functional elements with connections extending outside of the laminated assembly preventing air, moisture and water from entering the assembly as well as a method to prevent air, moisture and water from entering a laminated assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to laminated glass comprising first (11) and second (12) sheets of glass laminated using at least one thermoplastic interlayer (20). According to the invention, such glass comprises at least one thermoplastic interlayer (20) including a zone that is opaque at visible wavelengths (21).

Abstract: The present invention provides novel plasma sources useful in the thin film coating arts and methods of using the same. More specifically, the present invention provides novel linear and two dimensional plasma sources that produce linear and two dimensional plasmas, respectively, that are useful for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The present invention also provides methods of making thin film coatings and methods of increasing the coating efficiencies of such methods.