Abstract: An optical apparatus has an adjustment apparatus 5 and an optical unit 1 including a plurality of optical elements. The adjustment apparatus sequentially provides control signals that, according to a probabilistic search technique, change the parameters of a stipulated plurality of optical elements among the optical elements to become parameters that cause the functions of the optical apparatus to satisfy stipulated specifications. A method of adjusting the optical apparatus includes sequentially providing control signals that, according to a probabilistic search technique, change the parameters of the stipulated plurality of optical elements among the optical elements, and searching for optical values at which the functions of the optical apparatus the stipulated specification.

Abstract: A diamond semiconductor has an exciton light-emission intensity characteristic that varies nonlinearly.

Abstract: A laser tracking interferometric length measuring instrument has a laser source and a tracking articulating optical lever provided on an optical path of an interferometric optical system. To track a retroreflector, the optical lever reflects a laser beam at the retroreflector, which reflects the beam back to the optical lever. This beam is reflected onto a quadrant photodiode. An attitude control means is used to control the attitude of the optical lever so that the laser beam reflected by the optical lever falls on the neutral point of the photodiode.