Abstract: A signal transition device such as a coplanar waveguide launch package is disclosed. The coplanar waveguide launch package has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is adapted to receive electrical signals from a conductive wire. The received signals terminate proximal to a launch at a first surface of the first portion. The second portion, connected to the first portion, has a support surface at a substantially normal angle. The support surface of the second portion is adapted to support a coplanar waveguide. Because the coplanar waveguide launch package of the present invention does not require removing of bottom portions of the coplanar waveguide launch package, it does not require machining of the bottom-side, does not require removal of the bottom-side material, and does not require a bottom lid.

Abstract: A method for depositing material on a channel plate such that the material is registered to one or more channels formed in the channel plate includes filling at least one of the channels with a resist that is not wetted by the material; depositing the material on at least a region of the channel plate that includes at least part of the resist, the material registering with at least one channel edge as a result of the material's abutment to the resist; and then removing the resist. The method may be used, in one embodiment, to apply an adhesive or gasket material that is used in assembling a switch.

Abstract: A high-bandwidth electrical test probe having a probe contact spring of reduced size and characteristic capacitance is presented. The probe includes a contact spring connected at one end to the input port of a probe circuit. The opposite end of the contact spring enters the a probe socket and a predetermined angle of entry. The probe socket has a bore formed therein which is arranged at a non-zero angle relative to the angle of entry of the contact spring into said probe socket bore, thereby guaranteeing electrical contact with the bore. The design allows the use of a very small contact spring, on the order of tens of mils, thereby reducing the parasitic capacitance of the spring and allowing much higher bandwidths than heretofore achievable.

Abstract: An assembly and method for detecting defective and open solder joints of an area array packages attached to a printed circuit assembly is presented. The assembly employs offset pad layout on either or both of the printed circuit assembly or the area array package allowing improved solder joint defect detection.

Abstract: In a method for fast, high-accuracy autoranging measurement, a current detection resistance is shared by a current measurement apparatus and a voltage source with current limiting function, a value of current output from the voltage source via the resistance being measured by the current measurement apparatus, and the current range of the current measurement apparatus and the compliance being automatically changed in accordance with the measured current value.

Abstract: A wavemeter (30) comprises a first wavelength determination unit (40) having a substantially periodic wavelength dependency and being adapted for providing a reference wavelength dependency (100) over a reference wavelength range. A second wavelength determination unit (50) has a substantially periodic wavelength dependency and is adapted for providing a second wavelength dependency (140) over a second wavelength range (120). An evaluation unit (60) compares the second wavelength dependency (140) with the reference wavelength dependency (100) for adjusting (160) the second wavelength dependency (140) in wavelength.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for conducting chemical or biochemical reactions on a solid surface within an enclosed chamber. The invention may be used in conducting hybridization reactions, as of biopolymers such as DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, peptides, polypeptides, proteins, antibodies, and the like. In another aspect, the invention provides an improved method for mixing a thin film of solution, as in a hybridization chamber. The invention further provides a kit for carrying out the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A device and method for alignment of an optical fiber with an output facet of a laser diode that are to be co-located on a mount, to obtain a substantially optimum coupling efficiency. The device is particularly applicable to assemblies to be used in a submarine.

Abstract: A preferred method for coupling a transmission line to a circuit board includes the steps of: providing a circuit board with a first side and an opposing second side; dispensing solder upon the first side of the circuit board; providing a first coupler having a conductive lead portion and a ductile conductive tube portion extending from the conductive lead portion; engaging the conductive lead portion with the solder dispensed upon the first side of the circuit board; heating the circuit board, the solder and the conductive lead portion so that the solder reflows, thereby securing the first coupler to the first side of the circuit board; inserting an extremity of the first conductor into the ductile conductive tube portion; and crimping the ductile conductive tube portion so as to provide crimped retention of the first conductor therein. Circuit boards, devices and systems also are provided.

Abstract: To enable the measurer to easily verify the parameter correction conditions, the correction conditions for the parameters measurable by the measurement device are concurrently displayed on the screen of the measurement device related to the ports used in the parameter measurement. The rows and columns are the receive ports and send ports. The symbol F and the symbol R indicate the type of calibration method applied to the parameters measured by the ports specified in the matrix.

Abstract: Variable delay circuits and methods for delaying a waveform by an adjustable time delay are disclosed herein. One such variable delay circuit comprises a delay range limitation circuit having a first differential input, a first differential output, and a second differential output. The first differential input is configured to receive an input waveform. The first differential output is configured to output the waveform with a maximum delay, and the second differential output is configured to output the waveform with a minimum delay. The variable delay circuit further comprises a delay mixing circuit having second and third differential inputs, first and second control inputs, and a third differential output. The second differential input is connected to the first differential output. The third differential input is connected to the second differential output. The first and second control inputs are configured to receive control voltages V1 and V2, which are related to a selected time delay.

Abstract: Echo plugs are plugged into the hands-free jacks of wireless telephones to facilitate testing. One echo plug has a pin and a circuit. The pin is physically compatible with the hands-free jack of a wireless telephone. The pin has a speaker connection and a microphone connection. The circuit couples the speaker connection to the microphone connection. In operation, this echo plug receives a signal from the speaker connection of the hands-free jack and transfers the signal to the microphone connection of the hands-free jack. Another echo plug has two pins and a circuit. The pins are physically compatible with the hands-free jack of a wireless telephone. The first pin has a speaker connection, and the second pin has a microphone connection. The circuit couples the speaker connection of the first pin to the microphone connection of the second pin.

Abstract: A connecting device for providing an optical connection between an apparatus comprising a apparatus port and provided for receiving and/or sending optical signals, and at least one optical fiber comprising a connector. The connecting device comprises a support plate supporting at least one adapter. The adapter comprises an adapter contact adapted for a plug connection with the apparatus port of the apparatus, and a connector contact adapted for a plug and/or screw connection with the connector of the fiber. The support plate provides a grip for manually plugging in/off all of its adapters simultaneously into/from the respective apparatus ports.

Abstract: Fiber optic connectors and methods of making the same are described. In one aspect, a fiber optic connector includes a support surface and at least one alignment pin. The support surface has at least one optical communication port. Each alignment pin has an elongated distal end and a flanged proximal end with a bottom surface that is fixedly attached to the support surface.

Abstract: A sequencing system for sequencing a first node voltage at a first node and a second node voltage at a second node which is less than the first node voltage is disclosed. The sequencing system includes a bias circuit configured to provide a bias current in response to the first node voltage beginning to change to a first supply voltage. The sequencing system includes a switch configured to provide a low impedance path between the first node and the second node when the bias circuit is providing the bias current. The switch is configured to provide a high impedance path when the second node voltage is within a range of a second supply voltage which is less than the first supply voltage.

Abstract: Auto-skew alignment of high-speed eye diagrams of a pair of differential signals defines a figure of merit containing time integrals of mathematical functions dependent on magnitudes of the differential signals and related skew, then calculating an optimized skew value that minimizes the figure of merit. Optimally integrals are performed over a random time interval including at least two consecutive bit periods of the differential signals. Calculations include coarse search for optimum skew and fine search using an adaptively decreasing fine skew interval. Data acquisition and control hardware includes paired independent skew circuits and paired sampling circuits coupled to a timebase generator and a processing unit, which performs calculations in accordance with an auto-deskew algorithm. The accuracy of the optimized skew value is limited only by hardware skew resolution which in present implementations is less than or equal to one picosecond.

Abstract: Systems and methods for timing a linear data path element within an integrated circuit design are provided. A representative system includes a computer and a memory element associated with the computer. The computer includes logic for receiving information describing the integrated circuit design. The integrated circuit design includes a description of a signal-timing path and the clock distribution system across the integrated circuit. The memory is configured with executable steps to generate a model of a signal that traverses a signal-timing path that is coupled to a linear element. The model includes a mechanism for simulating clock signal operation over a plurality of clock distribution structure types.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a switch is assembled by depositing a liquid switching element on a substrate. A channel plate is then positioned adjacent the substrate. The channel plate has a main channel and a waste chamber, and the main channel is positioned over the liquid switching element. The channel plate is then moved toward the substrate to cause a portion of the liquid switching element that overfills the main channel to be isolated from the main channel in the waste chamber. A method of switch production is also disclosed.

Abstract: A line driver fabricated from CMOS devices that provides a substantially constant output impedance over a significant range of a time-varying input voltage includes a time-varying current source, a pair of CMOS output loads, and a pair of biasing circuits. Each CMOS output load includes a NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor connected in parallel and each biased into a linear range of operation. In response to a time-varying input voltage, the time-varying current source draws current from the pair of CMOS output loads in a manner that operates each CMOS output load to collectively establish a time-varying output voltage component at an associated output terminal.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of measuring optical waveforms are described. In one aspect, an optical waveform measurement apparatus includes a light wave source, a mixer, a down converter, and a controller. The light wave source is operable to provide an adjustable frequency light wave with a frequency that is adjustable over a target frequency range. The mixer is operable to mix a target modulated optical signal with the adjustable frequency light wave to obtain a mixed signal. The frequency down converter is operable to down convert the mixed signal to obtain a down-converted signal. The controller is operable to extract from the down-converted signal amplitude and phase information relating to the target modulated optical signal and to cause the light wave source to incrementally adjust the frequency of the adjustable frequency light wave over the target frequency range.