Abstract: In a process for the cryogenic distillation of air in a distillation column system that contains at least one distillation column wherein the boil-up at the bottom of the distillation column producing the oxygen product is provided by condensing a stream whose nitrogen concentration is equal to or greater than that in the feed air stream, which comprises the steps of: (a) generating work energy which is in excess of the overall refrigeration demand of the distillation column system by at least one of the following three methods: (1) work expanding a first process stream with nitrogen content equal to or greater than that in the feed air and then condensing at least a portion of the expanded stream by latent heat exchange with at least one of the two liquids: (i) a liquid at an intermediate height in the distillation column producing oxygen product and (ii) one of the liquid feeds to this distillation column having an oxygen concentration equal to or preferably greater than the concentration of oxygen in the f

Abstract: Brake system for retarding rotating machinery. It has an actuator with a first portion and a second portion. Actuator is supplied with energy and generates force causing relative motion of the first and second portions. The second portion is connected to an actuator lever and the first portion is connected to a brakebeam. The lever has a second pivot connection also connected to the brakebeam and it has a third pivot connection attached to a reaction device. The reaction device is connected to an equalizer lever which is connected to a second brakebeam and a second reaction device. The second reaction device is connected back to the first brakebeam, or to the first portion of the actuator. The brakebeams each have three pivot connections at each end. Two are about parallel to the brakebeam and one is perpendicular. A pair of brake hangers are pivotally attached to the two parallel pivot connections and a proportionalization lever is pivotally attached to the vertical pivot connection.

Abstract: A process and installation for the separation of air in a cryogenic distillation apparatus (24) comprising a distillation column (30, 42) and in which the supplied air is separated to produce a fraction rich in oxygen and a fraction rich in nitrogen as products. The purities of these products are maintained substantially constant during variations of demand of either product or of the flow rate or of the pressure of the supplied air by introducing an excess of liquid rich in nitrogen into the distillation apparatus when the demand for the product or the flow rate of the supplied air increases, and by withdrawing an excess of liquid rich in nitrogen from the distillation apparatus, and storing this liquid, when the demand for the product or the flow rate of the supplied air decreases.

Abstract: An improved method of preparing polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of water and a combination of a gelling catalyst and a blowing catalyst, in which the blowing catalyst is a compound represented by the following formulae:?M(L.sup.1)(L.sup.2)(L.sup.3)(L.sup.4)!.sub.n?M(L.sup.1)(L.sup.2)(L.sup.3)!.sub.n?M(L.sup.1)(L.sup.2)!.sub.n?M(L.sup.1)!.sub.nwherein M is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium; n ranges from 1 to 20; and each of L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, and L.sup.

Abstract: A temperature sensitive material and method of preparing the same includes an oil-in-water emulsion in which the emulsifier type and content are controlled, as are the freezing point of the oil phase, the freezing point of the water phase, the oil-to-water ratio and the particle size of the oil phase and to which additives are introduced in the water phase, selected from the group consisting of a salt, glycerol and urea such that the material undergoes an irreversible optical change when subjected to a temperature above the reveal temperature of the emulsion.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the production of dinitrotoluene wherein one is able to effectively employ a feed sulfuric acid, which is referred to as "weak acid" as the feed sulfuric acid for the nitration facility. The weak acid concentration, as feed, ranges from 86-91%, preferably 87-89% sulfuric acid by weight, to meet the total sulfuric acid requirements for the facility. This is accomplished by utilizing cocurrent processing in a mononitration zone and countercurrent nitration with respect to sulfuric acid in the dinitration zone.

Abstract: E. coli strain JM109 transfected with nitrate reductase gene containing plasmid pIC20RNR1.1 produces diazoluminomelanin when cultured in a medium containing nitrate, 3-amino-L-tyrosine and luminol, under suitable metabolic conditions.

Abstract: A twin tower air drying system for cleaning and drying a stream of unpurified pressurized air including a centrifugal separator having a baffle horizontally disposed therein to generally separate the centrifugal chamber into an upper sub-chamber and a lower sub-chamber; a pair of cavities each containing desiccant media and a purge tube with a flapper valve thereover to close and restrict flow of air through the purge tube when air is flowing upwardly through the cavity, and to open and promote air flow through the purge tube when air is flowing downwardly through the cavity; a pair of two-way control valves to either deliver a stream of air from the centrifugal separator to a cavity or to open a cavity to atmosphere; a timer control for alternately and periodically altering the condition of the two-way control valves such that when one is delivering air to a cavity, the other is open to atmosphere; a shuttle valve for admitting an output percentage of air emerging from either of the cavities to a storage cha

Abstract: An integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation system is operated at off-design conditions by introducing a supplemental fuel into the combustion turbine combustor to compensate for deviations from system design conditions. Such deviations include changes in ambient temperature and changes in the amount of extracted air required for the air separation system. The invention allows operation of the combustion turbine at or close to its maximum design power output and other components in the IGCC system at or close to their respective design points.

Abstract: A process and plant for air separation by cryogenic distillation. Air is cooled in a main exchanger and is sent to a distillation column in which it separates into an oxygen-enriched liquid and a nitrogen-enriched vapor. A stream of pressurized liquid coming from the apparatus vaporizes in the main exchanger. The refrigeration necessary for the process is generated by expansion of air in one or more turbines immediately downstream of the main exchanger. The turbine or turbines produces or produce, as output, a stream which is at least 95 percent liquid, preferably 100 percent liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus (5) for renovating synthetic grass playing surfaces (1) which include a layer of particulate material. The apparatus (5) comprises a plenum chamber (20) which directs a fast moving jet of air against the particulate so as to dislodge it and direct the particulate into a collection chamber (40). The plenum chamber (20) may be adapted to effect a reciprocating motion parallel to a playing surface (1) and orthogonal to a direction of conveyance of the apparatus (5) over the playing surface (1). The collection chamber (20) may incorporate a screw conveyor system (44) to displace particulate material directed into the collection chamber (20) to an appropriate container which may be conveyed along side the apparatus (5) by a separate vehicle. The apparatus (5) may further include a particulate dispensing apparatus for applying an evenly spread layer of fresh particulate material in place of that which has been dislodged and removed from the playing surface (1).

Abstract: A process for removal of Group 13 and/or 15 elements from an organosilane containing Group 13 and/or 15 elements as contaminants comprising contacting the organosilane with a reagent substantially soluble in the organosilane and capable of forming a complex with the Group 13 and/or Group 15 element which is less volatile than the organosilane, wherein the reagent is selected from the group consisting of thiols, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines or mixtures thereof and separating the organosilane from the complex by distillation.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and system for preparing a description of an electromagnetic scattering net approximating an actual scattering net for analyzing effect on sensor imagery is comprised of: (1) inputting a basic tent configuration comprising a number of tent poles, spacing of tent poles, a covering net, an amount of net sag, and plurality of locations of ground anchor points, representing the design variables selected by an operator from which a net can be modeled; (2) dividing the overall net shape into a plurality of large facets that describe the overall shape conforming to the basic net configuration; (3) subdividing each large facet into a plurality of small facets in accordance with the input number of small facets per large facets chosen so that the small facets correspond in wavelength to the scattering of an actual scattering net; (5) rotating each small facet to achieve an approximation of the signature reduction of an actual scattering net; and (6) outputting a description of rotated sma

Abstract: A valve seal system for passageway through a valve body emerging through a first generally flat and rigid surface, having a valve member including a resilient seal with generally flat exposed surface adapted to be brought into contact with the generally flat rigid surface, and having a generally circular, raised resilient ring portion extending from the generally flat exposed surface, the raised resilient ring portion adapted to be compressed against the generally flat rigid surface to seal the resilient seals against the generally flat rigid surface when said valve member is moved to a closed position by virtue of the raised resilient ring portion being compressed against the generally flat rigid surface.

Abstract: A lens is described that produces a columnar focus comprised of a continuum of focal points at varying distances from the principal plane of the lens aligned along the axis of the lens. The lens refracts an incident wavefront with a focal length that is dependent upon the radial distance from the axis of the lens. The radii of curvature of the primary surface of the lens is dependent upon the desired length of the focal column.

Abstract: A device for delivering one of a plurality of gases to an apparatus includes at least two valves. Each valve includes a first conduit permanently connected by one end thereof to an associated sampling line and, by another end thereof, to an associated purge line. Each valve includes a second conduit and an actuator which can be switched between bringing the first conduit into communication with the second conduit and a position for isolating the first conduit from the second conduit. At least the second conduit is free of flow-stagnation volumes. The second conduits of the valves are placed in series in a common line for delivering gas to the apparatus. The end of the common line opposite the apparatus emerges in an associated purge line. Each purge line passes through an element for creating a pressure drop. A use of the device is as a feed for an ionization mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A single or double dephlegmator is used to transfer heat between condensing nitrogen and rich liquid in a single column nitrogen generator.

Abstract: A foam producing apparatus has a first mixing chamber with an inner subchamber connected to a supply of gas at a first pressure and an outer subchamber connected to a supply of a foamable liquid at a second pressure higher than the first pressure. A plurality of orifices connect the outer subchamber to the inner subchamber. The foamable liquid is forced from the outer subchamber into the inner subchamber through the orifices and is atomized to form droplets carried by the gas to an outlet. A second mixing chamber is connected to the outlet of the first mixing chamber and is filled with an agitating medium so that droplets propelled through the second mixing chamber are violently agitated to produce the desired foam.

Abstract: A heat exchange element for an air preheater has first and second heat transfer elements arranged to form channels for the passage of a heat exchange media having a main flow direction. Each of the heat exchange plates has parallel straight ridges and flats between the ridges. The ridges alternate to extend transversely from opposite sides of each heat transfer plate. The ridges of the adjacent plates are oriented obliquely in opposite directions relative to the main flow direction and contact each other solely at points of intersection of the ridges.