Abstract: A sputtering method and target for depositing a crack-resistant metal coating on plastic is described. The target consists essentially of Cr, 5 to 30% Fe and 0 to 5% scavenger elements. Al, Ce, La, Ti and Zr, among others, are preferred scavengers. ABS plastic is a preferred substrate. The coated articles have the appearance of bright chromium metal, and are useful as automotive trim.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vapor source assembly comprising a means for supporting at least one material to be vaporized, a plurality of electron-beam guns for producing electron beams, and a deflecting means for producing a magnetic field to deflect each electron beam through an arcuate path from its electron-beam gun to the material to be vaporized. The deflecting means includes a plurality of pairs of pole pieces positioned such that a north pole piece and a south pole piece, are on opposite sides of each electron-beam gun, and a plurality of magnetic means including magnets for interconnecting the south pole piece of each successive electron-beam gun with the north pole piece of the next successive electron-beam gun so as to form a single magnetic circuit. In preferred embodiments, the electron-beam guns are positioned below the maximum level of material in a cluster of crucibles, and two long pole pieces extend on opposite sides of the crucibles, but no pole piece extends between adjacent crucibles.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a cuff or balloon for use with an endotracheal tube by means of a cold parison blow molding process. The method may be utilized for large quantity production of such cuffs yet affords reliable control of the thickness throughout the cuff. In carrying out the method, a thermoplastic or other elastomeric tube of predetermined dimensions and elasticity is prestretched a predetermined amount in the longitudinal direction. The tube is positioned within a hollow mold or, for quantity production in a series of such molds, having the mold internal configuration in the general shape of the desired end balloon form. The mold or molds are vented to atmosphere. Pressure is applied to the interior of the tube and such predetermined pressure is retained within the tube. The tube and mold(s) are then heated such that the tube softens and expands under the pressure to assume internal configuration of the mold(s).

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy process, product, and assembly particularly adapted for manufacturing plates of hard-to-work materials, such as chromium and its alloys, are disclosed. The assembly is formed by placing a metal powder into the cavity of a die and disposing one punch or two opposed punches to intrude into the cavity and enclose the powder. Preferably, the powder is compacted by applying pressure to the punches, and the punches are fixed to the die with their outer ends protruding from the die. The enclosed powder may be purified, outgassed, and sealed under vacuum. The enclosed powder is consolidated and elongated by heating and compressing, preferably by rolling one or more times in a conventional rolling mill. The composite product is cooled slowly and cut to the desired size. Remnants of the die and punch may serve as frame and backing for the consolidated powder layer. The plates have application, for example, as sputtering targets.

Abstract: A method for depositing aluminum layers having a predetermined reflectance or a predetermined resistivity is disclosed. The layers are deposited by sputtering a target comprising 90% or greater aluminum. The parameters which must be controlled include the partial pressure of reactive gases, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and water vapor, which are minor constituents of the sputtering gas, the total sputtering gas pressure, the substrate temperature, and the deposition rate.

Abstract: A substrate or part holder is disclosed which allows rotation of at least two parts about their individual axes as well as rotation of all of the parts about a main axis. The part holder has a stub shaft for receiving each part, and a hollow housing attached to the end of a hollow shaft. An interior shaft is rotatable inside the hollow shaft and a central gear engages a gear on each stub shaft inside of the housing. Means are provided for mounting a part on each stub shaft outside of the housing. Rotation of the hollow shaft will cause rotation of all of the parts about the common axis, while any differential in rotation between the hollow shaft and the interior shaft will cause rotation of each part about the axis of the stub shaft to which it is attached.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inerting the atmosphere adjacent a moving product surface such as a resin bearing web material includes passing the product through a device having entrance and exit tunnels and a treatment chamber therebetween at speeds up to 1,000 ft. per minute or greater. An inert gas flow is introduced into the entrance tunnel at a velocity relative to the velocity of the moving product surface such that a turbulent condition is established in the boundary layer of air dragged into the entrance tunnel by the moving product. Turbulence in the boundary layer promotes the rapid diffusion of atmospheric oxygen upwardly away from the moving product surface. The inert gas flow is of a magnitude sufficient to maintain oxygen concentration at the tunnel entrance at less than 20.8% thereby enabling such diffusion of oxygen. For slowly moving product surfaces, a high velocity cross flow inert gas stream is provided to establish a resultant relative velocity capable of generating the requisite turbulence.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are disclosed for supporting and transporting a multiplicity of workpieces during a process such as a batch-type vacuum coating process. The workpieces are placed in two stacks adjacent to process equipment inside a sealable chamber, and means are provided for moving substrates within each stack and between the stacks. Preferably, workpieces are successively conveyed from the top of one stack, through the process, to the top of the other stack, and simultaneously from the bottom of the second stack to the bottom of the first stack. The workpieces in the first stack are raised so that successive workpieces are presented at the top of the first stack. Similarly, the workpieces in the second stack are lowered to present successive workpieces at the bottom. Workpieces may be circulated through the stacks as many times as desired and may be processed one or more times during a single circuit.

Abstract: A carbon-dioxide (CO.sub.2) snow-making system comprising a snow horn having an upper chamber into which pairs of jets of CO.sub.2 are transversely injected from opposite directions, respectively. The expanding jet mixtures of snow and vapor are directed into collision along paths that lie generally in a single plane so as to intersect at an angle of 180.degree. in a central region of the chamber, thereby to dissipate the kinetic energy of the jets. Where more than two jets are directed into collision at a common point, the intersecting angles are so chosen that the resultant kinetic energy is substantially zero. High velocities and turbulence of the snow-vapor mixture are thereby minimized, and the snow discharges evenly from the chamber and through the horn without sticking thereto for uniform distribution.

Abstract: A substrate or part holder is disclosed which allows rotation of at least two parts about their individual axes as well as rotation of all of the parts about a main axis. The part holder has a stub shaft for receiving each part, and a hollow housing attached to the end of a hollow shaft. An interior shaft is rotatable inside the hollow shaft and a central gear engages a gear on each stub shaft inside of the housing. Means are provided for mounting a part on each stub shaft outside of the housing. Rotation of the hollow shaft will cause rotation of all of the parts about the common axis, while any differential in rotation between the hollow shaft and the interior shaft will cause rotation of each part about the axis of the stub shaft to which it is attached.

Abstract: Steel powder metallurgy parts having approximately 0.2 to 10% carbon in the form of graphite and approximately 1% lubricant are sintered in the hot zone of a furnace under temperatures of approximately 2050.degree. F for periods of up to approximately 1.0 hour under an atmosphere comprised of at least 90% nitrogen, up to 9.75% hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a maximum 5% carbon monoxide, 0.25-2.0% methane or equivalent hydrocarbon and a dewpoint of the mixed atmosphere of less than -60.degree. F.

Abstract: An improved, closed-cycle magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation system wherein the MHD generator is fueled by sulfur burned in oxygen, together with stages for recovering sulfur dioxide, reducing SO.sub.2 to elemental sulfur, and returning reduced elemental sulfur to the MHD unit such that higher flame temperatures and ionization factors are obtained while pollutants typically generated by fossil-fueled MHD power generation systems are essentially eliminated.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to novel ethers of the formula:CF.sub.3 CH.sub.a X.sub.b --O--CF.sub.2 CH.sub.c F.sub.d Cl.sub.ewherein X is fluorine, chlorine or bromine, preferably fluorine, a is 1 or 2, b is 0 or 1, a plus b are 2, preferably both a and b being 1, c is 0 or 1, d is 0 to 2, e is 0 to 2, c plus d plus e are 3, preferably each of c, d, and e is 1, and a plus c are 1 or 2, preferably 2, with the proviso that when e is 1 or 2, X is fluorine or bromine, preferably fluorine. The compounds having less than eight fluorine atoms per molecule are useful as anesthetics, and all of the compounds are useful as solvents and dispersants for fluorinated materials. A highly preferred compound useful as an anesthetic is 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 1',1',2'-trifluoro-2'-chloroethyl ether.

Abstract: A fast-freeze system comprises an insulating housing for a product conveyor of the vertical helix or spiral-type wherein the upper and lower loops (or tiers) respectively, of the helix discharge or receive the product, as the case may be, at product openings (or ports) in the housing; a multiple-spray nozzle array on a header receives a regulated supply of liquid nitrogen according to a preset freezing temperature through a modulating servo-valve control; the header subtends a restricted sector only of an upper conveyor tier for producing heat transfer by direct liquid nitrogen-to-product contact to establish a single very cold zone substantially in advance of the discharge port, and the exhaust nitrogen vapor is discharged by blower action through the product entrance port.

Abstract: Power supply of the saturable reactor type is disclosed. The improvement is the inclusion of a variable impedance network, such as a pair of opposed semiconductor controlled rectifiers, in series with the current winding of the saturable reactor. Also included is an electronic circuit for changing the impedance of the variable impedance circuit, such as a control circuit for monitoring an operating parameter and for enabling or disabling the firing of the semiconductor controlled rectifiers in response to a change in the operating parameter. A preferred embodiment of the power supply also includes a transformer and a rectifier for supplying high-voltage, direct current to a sputtering apparatus.

Abstract: A composite superconductor having both filamentary and film conductors for carrying the pure and impure components of direct current, respectively, or for alternating current, is disclosed, together with a method of making it, and a preferred arrangement for its use in high power transmission lines.

Abstract: A composite multifilament superconducting structure is provided, which includes an elongated substrate-carrying, longitudinally-directed, sputtered discrete filament of an A-15 type intermetallic superconductor. In a preferable procedure, a plurality of spaced, generally longitudinal grooves are formed on the surface of an elongated filamentary substrate, preferably a metal wire. The walls of the grooves on the substrate surface are shaped to undercut the curvilinear surface of the substrate located between two adjacent grooves so that at least some of the wall portions of the grooves are geometrically shadowed during the subsequent sputtering step in which a superconductor is sputtered onto the substrate. In particular, a film of a suitable superconducting intermetallic compound having A-15 crystalline structure, such as Nb.sub.3 Ge, is thereupon sputtered onto the grooved substrate and deposits at the bottom of the grooves and at the surface portions of the substrate between grooves.

Abstract: A method for increasing density and strength in baked carbonaceous products such as carbon or graphiteelectrodes. A baked carbonaceous body is subjected to a conventional pitch impregnation, and is then coated with a thermosetting polymerizable composition, which composition is at least partially cured to provide an encasing shell of polymeric material. The shell-encased body containing impregnated pitch is thereafter subjected to carbonization by rebaking. During rebake, the shell is mechanically stable to temperatures above the softening and free flowing temperatures for the impregnant, whereby the shell (which is decomposed and carbonized as higher temperatures are attained) acts during initial stages of carbonization to retain the impregnant within the body. This results in larger quantities of coked impregnant remaining in the body with consequent higher apparent density and strength in the resultant product.

Abstract: A method of treatment of equipment used in critical gas handling applications includes flowing designated gases through the equipment and packaging the equipment in an inert atmosphere for shipment.

Abstract: Improved shunt connections for high current conducting carbon brushes for electrical rotating machinery utilize a tamping composition comprising finely divided granules composed of 85 to 97% by weight of graphite; and 15 to 3% by weight of a high temperature-stable resin such as polyaryl sulfone. After forming the tamped connection, a sealant is applied to the tamping composition. The sealant preferably comprises an aminofunctional silane, which improves the bond between the copper shunt and the tamping composition.