Abstract: The present invention provides a friction material for brake not containing materials including heavy metals such as Cu or antimony. The friction material contains a fibrous component, a binding component and a friction modifying component, wherein magnesium oxide (MgO) and graphite are contained in a friction material in the amount of 45 to 80 vol %, and volume ratio (MgO/graphite) of magnesium oxide (MgO) to graphite is 1/1 to 4/1.

Abstract: A method of estimating an eccentric position of an acceleration sensor for a double turntable-type acceleration generating apparatus includes the steps of mounting the acceleration sensor on an auxiliary rotating body; rotating the auxiliary rotating body at a constant frequency with a main rotating body held at a standstill; measuring an output signal from the acceleration sensor; determining an amount of eccentricity in an X-axis direction of the acceleration sensor from the frequency of the auxiliary rotating body and the output signal; and determining an amount of eccentricity in a Y-axis direction by using tangential acceleration generated by the rotation of the auxiliary rotating body in a state in which the amount of eccentricity in the X-direction is set to substantially zero.

Abstract: An eccentric error corrector for a rotary-type acceleration generating apparatus. The eccentric error corrector includes a large-diameter turntable and a small-diameter turntable. The large-diameter turntable is rotated by a first servo motor. The small-diameter turntable is mounted on the outer periphery portion of the large-diameter turntable and rotatable by a second servo motor, in which an acceleration sensor is attachable to the small-diameter turntable. The eccentric error corrector includes a DC-component remover removing only the DC component from an output signal of the acceleration sensor attached on the small-diameter turntable.

Abstract: Starting material containing raw material fiber, raw material powder and binder for manufacturing friction material is granulated, so that primary granules are made, and then the primary granules are crushed so as to obtain granules of raw material for manufacturing friction material.

Abstract: A friction material contains a fibrous reinforcement, a binder, and a fricton modifier. The binder content of the friction material on the back plate side is made to be larger than the binder content of the friction material on the friction surface side. The fibrous reinforcement content of the friction material on the back plate side is made to be smaller than the fibrous reinforcement content of the friction material on the friction surface side.

Abstract: The microbial electrode is constructed having a substrate(3) made of an insulating material, an electric conductor(2) which is fixed on the substrate and a membrane containing microorganism cells(1) which is fixed on the conductor. The microbial sensor(20) is constructed having the microbial electrode above described and a conductor(11) to act as a counter electrode fixed on the insulating material of the surface of the substrate of the electrode which is opposite to the surface where the membrane containing microorganism cells is fixed.

Abstract: In the present sensor element failure or end of life judging method, the internal impedance of a gas sensor element is measured and, if the thus measured internal impedance goes beyond a previously determined threshold value, then it is judged that the gas sensor element fails or comes to the end of life.

Abstract: A mechanism for converting rotational motion to linear motion having a roller thread mechanism interposed between a shaft having multiple male threads and a nut having multiple female threads. The female threads of the nut are opposite in direction to the male threads of the shaft. The rollers have different effective thread diameters which are provided by the shape of the threads on the shaft, rollers and nut. The mechanism is configured so that the axial travel distance of the shaft, per relative rotation of the nut and the shaft, can be shortened. The mechanism is also capable of a fast movement, which is realized by suppressing the rotation of the rollers. When the mechanism is used as an actuator of a brake device, an antilock control, a traction control, and the like, it can be easily implemented by controlling the rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A pressure regulating valve is provided with a first valve for opening and closing a flow channel between a fluid pressure source and a reservoir, and a second valve for opening and closing a flow channel between an output chamber and the reservoir in order to regulate the pressure applied from the fluid pressure source in proportion to an input fluid pressure in an input chamber and to output the regulated pressure from the output chamber. A slidable valve body with one end subjected to an input pressure and the other end subjected to an output pressure, and a one-way valve for allowing communication only from the fluid pressure source to the output chamber are featured in that the movement of the valve body by a given quantity causes the first valve to close after the second valve is closed as the pressure in the input chamber rises.

Abstract: A light-weight and small-size electric motor in which linear movement can be obtained without requiring any special movement conversion mechanism. The electric motor includes a rotor (4), a rotary shaft (5, 6, 5a) coupled to the rotor (4), and a screw mechanism (7) for Supporting the rotary shaft (5, 6, 5a), the screw mechanism (7) being configured such that the rotor (4) is moved in an axial direction of the rotary shaft (5, 6, 5a) by movement of the rotary shaft (5, 6, 5a) within the screw mechanism (7) upon rotation of the rotor (4).

Abstract: A magnetostrictive brake is provided with an electrically-driven actuator for moving friction materials back and forth toward a rotary member by utilizing a magnetostrictive element which extends and contracts by means of magnetostriction, a fluid-type displacement enlarging mechanism which is provided between the magnetostrictive element and the friction materials and used for enlarging the displacement of the magnetostrictive element and transmitting the enlarged displacement to the friction materials, and bias magnetic field applying means for applying a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive element.

Abstract: A fluid pressure control apparatus provided in a fluid pressure circuit between a fluid pressure generating source and an actuator, which controlls fluid pressure acting on the actuator, comprises: a cylinder in which a fluid pressure chamber is formed so as to communicate with the fluid pressure generating source and the actuator; a cam casing disposed in the fluid pressure chamber; a cam shaft disposed in the cam casing; a pressure control piston driven by the cam shaft so as to appear and disappear in the fluid pressure chamber; and a cam drive mechanism for driving the cam shaft.

Abstract: A CO.sub.2 gas sensor using a solid reference electrode in combination with a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte which is at dissociative equilibrium with CO.sub.2 gas, characterized in that the solid reference electrode is made of a lithium containing, mixed transition metal oxide conductor which is of the same conduction type as the solid electrolyte. Further, the solid electrolyte comprises a complex carbonate containing LiAlO.sub.2 as an aggregate. Furthermore, a mixed electrode is used for the solid-electrolyte type gas sensor, which is prepared by the steps of: mixing a Au powder or paste with a powder of an oxide excluding Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; rendering a resultant mixture to a paste; applying the paste onto a solid electrolyte; and sintering the applied paste.

Abstract: A mold material introducing apparatus for introducing mold materials into a mold includes material supplying means for supplying a predetermined amount of mold material into the mold, moving means for moving the mold relative to the material supplying means and vice versa, and control means for outputting command signals to those means. The control means divides the inside of the mold into segments and assigns addresses to those segments, and controls the material supplying means and the moving means so that a predetermined amount of a predetermined mold material is located at each of the address locations. Accordingly, the mold materials of different kinds that are led into the mold are dispersed in a predetermined state.

Abstract: A method of producing friction materials is capable of avoiding the problems in work environment due to the coarse particulates or organic solvents while producing the friction materials. The method includes processes of mixing under dry condition raw materials consisting primarily of thermosetting resin binders, fibrous reinforcing materials and friction modifiers, adding and mixing adhesives consisting of mixture of water and alcohol with the raw mixture so that the raw materials are wet and have viscosity. Afterwards, the wet raw mixture is granulated to form a granule material, dried, and heated-and-pressed to form a final product.

Abstract: In an anti-lock control arrangement for preventing locking of vehicle wheels, a prescribed speed difference of a threshold speed from an estimated vehicle speed is changed from an initial value of the difference to a larger value when a wheel speed has been lower for a prescribed time than the threshold speed which follows the estimated vehicle speed with the prescribed speed difference therefrom or when a prescribed statement with respect to the wheel speed is repeated at a predetermined number. Further, the speed difference of the threshold speed from the estimated vehicle speed is changed back to the initial value when the wheel speed has become lower than the threshold speed subjected to the former change.

Abstract: A hollow hole is radially formed in a rotor in at least one position on its circumference so that the minimum thickness between an inner surface of the hollow hole and each of the front and rear braking surfaces is selected to be not larger than 3 mm. Alternatively, in a ventilated rotor, at least one of a plurality of holes formed radially in the rotor is shaped into an expanded hole so that the minimum thickness between an inner surface of the hole and each of the front and rear braking surfaces is selected to be not larger than 3 mm. Two rows of small circular holes may be formed in a specific arrangement so as to penetrate a disc rotor. If longitudinal wave vibration is transmitted to the disc rotor, squeals due to an even number order resonance mode, that is, a resonance mode of the second, fourth, sixth order or the like, can be effectively attenuated by specially shaped hollow holes, reduced holes, or two rows of small circular holes formed in a disc rotor.

Abstract: In a vehicular automatic brake system, a distance X between a vehicle to be controlled and an obstacle is determined using a distance sensor, a relative velocity Vs with respect to the obstacle is determined from changes of X with time, a judgment is made as to whether the vehicle to be controlled is approaching the obstacle, further, an estimated time Tx which will be taken until contact with the obstacle is determined from Vs and X, and braking is performed in accordance with the value of Tx.

Abstract: A non-asbestos friction material containing friction dust comprising a composite of inorganic compound with polymerization product of cashew nut shell oil is disclosed. The material is used for the brake lining, disc pad and clutch facing for cars and industrial machinery.

Abstract: A brake actuating apparatus which includes a motor disposed at a brake caliper, a driving piston connecting through a converting member which converts a rotary motion of the motor into a linear motion, and a fluid chamber disposed between the driving piston and a pad urging piston for urging the brake pad in the brake caliper, and a diameter of the driving piston is arranged smaller than that of the pad urging piston.