Abstract: An actuator includes a piezoelectric element, and a displacement enlargement mechanism which has a movable portion configured to be displaced as the piezoelectric element is displaced and enlarges an amount of displacement of the piezoelectric element. A restraint member is fixed to the movable portion with an elastic or viscoelastic body therebetween and convert vibrational energy of the movable portion into thermal energy based on deformation of the elastic or viscoelastic body, thereby lowering a resonance peak amplitude of the actuator.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has a recording layer formed of a magnetic material represented by the following general formula: [(Co1-mPtm)1-nCrn]100-x-yTixOy, where m and n are atomic ratios, m is 0.2 or more and 0.4 or less, n is 0 or more and 0.1 or less, x is 9 at. % or more and 13 at. % or less, and y/x is 1.8 or more and 2.3 or less.

Abstract: An actuator includes a piezoelectric element, and a displacement enlargement mechanism which has a movable portion configured to be displaced as the piezoelectric element is displaced and enlarges an amount of displacement of the piezoelectric element. A restraint member is fixed to the movable portion with an elastic or viscoelastic body therebetween and convert vibrational energy of the movable portion into thermal energy based on deformation of the elastic or viscoelastic body, thereby lowering a resonance peak amplitude of the actuator.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus for polishing a workpiece by utilizing a fluid including abrasive particles having a dielectric property. The polishing apparatus includes an electrode for applying processing pressure to the abrasive particles on the workpiece and having electrode elements for collecting and arranging the abrasive particles by a Coulomb force produced by application of an alternating-current voltage to the electrode, and a driving device for driving the electrode.

Abstract: A polishing method with a polishing apparatus includes an electrode constituted as a plurality of electrode elements, a device of driving the electrode, and dielectric abrasive particles disposed between the electrode and a workpiece. Polishing pressure is applied to the particles by a Coulomb force generated when an alternating-current voltage is applied to the electrode.

Abstract: A high saturation flux density soft magnetic film substantially consists of an FexCo1-x alloy (0.65≦x≦0.75) containing 3% or less of Al2O3.

Abstract: To present an information recording medium for achieving high density information recording, in particular, a high signal output and a high resolution in magnetic recording, for example, an information recording medium sequentially forming a layer made of soft magnetic material, a layer made of nonmagnetic material, and an information recording layer of ordered alloy with L10 crystal structure selected from group A is manufactured in a specified manufacturing method. Herein the group A is defined to include FePt ordered alloy, CoPt ordered alloy, FePd ordered alloy, and their alloy.

Abstract: An information recording layer consisting of a composite of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure selected from a group A, and MgO is used for a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The group A includes an FePt ordered alloy, a CoPt ordered alloy, an FePd ordered alloy and an alloy thereof. This information recording layer has a very small magnetic domain structure and allows high density recording as seen from a signal output spectrum showing a result of a recording and reproducing evaluation of a magnetic recording medium in one example. The information recording layer can be formed at lower film formation temperature than a temperature of a composite thin film of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure according to a conventional technique.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus includes an electrode constituted as a plurality of electrode elements, a device of driving the electrode, and dielectric abrasive particles disposed between the electrode and a workpiece. Polishing pressure is applied to the particles by a Coulomb force generated when an alternating-current voltage is applied to the electrode.

Abstract: An information recording layer consisting of a composite of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure selected from a group A, and MgO is used for a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The group A includes an FePt ordered alloy, a CoPt ordered alloy, an FePd ordered alloy and an alloy thereof. This information recording layer has a very small magnetic domain structure and allows high density recording as seen from a signal output spectrum showing a result of a recording and reproducing evaluation of a magnetic recording medium in one example. The information recording layer can be formed at lower film formation temperature than a temperature of a composite thin film of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure according to a conventional technique.

Abstract: A data recording device such as a hard disk apparatus has an orthogonal coding circuit and a modulation circuit. The orthogonal coding circuit encodes recording data to be recorded to adjacent two tracks as two orthogonal code streams which are included in an Hadamard matrix. The modulation circuit outputs recording signals, which are obtained by modulating the code streams using the NRZI system, to a magnetic head. Reproduction signals read out from a magnetic disk by the magnetic head are decoded as recording data based upon given decoding rules according to the two code streams.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a data recording medium for recording and reproducing data by use of a magnetic field or light and formed of an ordered alloy thin film comprising the steps of forming at least one underlayer principally containing an element or a compound selected from the group consisting of Cr, Pt, Pd, Au, Fe, Ni, MgO, NiO and controlled in such a way that a crystal plane having a crystal lattice face of a Miller index (100) is in parallel to a substrate, and forming an ordered alloy layer with L1.sub.0 crystal structure by sputter deposition within the range satisfying Equation 1: P.times.D>3000, where P is Ar sputter-gas pressure (Pa) and D is a target-substrate distance (mm), is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apple tree having a moderate habit, a good spur-bearing habit and producing a medium size fruit maturing in the middle season similar to "Golden Delicious". The fruit has a conical to long conical shape, a dull appearance of dots, and a yellow skin. The flesh of the fruit is yellow, very juicy and crisp, has a moderate sweetness and acidity, and an aromatic flavor. Particularly, the storability of the fruit is significantly higher than that of "Golden Delicious", thereby providing the fruit with an excellent market value.