Abstract: A thin, flat, and porous carbon gas diffusion electrode having a side in contact with a supply of gas and a side in contact with an electrolyte, comprises a pyrolysis product of a composite of an organic aerogel or xerogel and a reinforcing skeleton consisting at least in part of organic material. The porosity of the carbon gas diffusion electrode according to the invention can be regulated at will while the surface of the electrode is smooth.

Abstract: A plasma reactor has a reactor vessel and a pair of electrodes in the form of spaced apart and oppositely disposed metallic surfaces defining therebetween a plasma discharge space. At least one of the metallic surfaces is the surface of a metallic plate having a plurality of gas feed openings extending through the metallic surface towards said discharge space and from a distribution chamber extending along the plate opposite the discharge space. The distribution chamber has a wall opposite and distant from the plate and includes a gas inlet arrangement with a plurality of gas inlet openings distributed along the wall and connected to one or more gas feed lines to the reactor. A gas flow resistant coefficient between the one or more gas feed lines and at least a predominant portion of the connected inlet openings are at least substantially equal.

Abstract: Process for converting a nitrobenzene into a free aminophenol by catalytic reduction hydroxylation in the presence of an aqueous-acidic reaction medium.

Abstract: Enol ethers of the formula (I) where R1 to R3 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen or a carbon-containing organic radical and R4 is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical, are prepared by reacting alcohols of the formula (II) R4—OH  (II), with alkynes of the formula (IlIa), alkadienes of the formula (IIIb) R1—C≡C—CHR2R3  (IIIa), R1—CH═C═CR2R3  (IIIb) or mixtures thereof, where R1 to R4 are as defined above, in the presence of an alkali metal alkoxide and a polar, aprotic solvent.

Abstract: In a method for transmitting data via a radio interface between base stations and subscriber stations in a radio communications system, the time slots in a frame are allocated to different base stations such that the base stations transmit exclusively in the time slots in the downlink direction which are allocated to them, but also receive in those time slots in the uplink direction which are not allocated to them. It is thus possible to combine the received signals from at least two base stations with one another. Without any significant additional complexity, the existing base stations, which are on standby during some time slots, can be used to provide a macrodiversity reception. The transmission quality is improved by the plurality of propagation paths which are evaluated in the uplink direction. A radio communications system is also provided.

Abstract: In order to improve the definition and the breakdown behavior in a tube neck (16) that includes an anode cylinder (20) and a focusing cylinder (19), the tube neck (16) is made of a non-conductive material, particularly a ceramic. The inner surface of the anode cylinder (20) and the inner surface and the outer surface of the focusing cylinder (19) are coated with an electrically conductive material (21).

Abstract: The damping of membranes of ultrasound transducers in an arrangement occurs at the front side directly on the membranes by applying a polymer layer, whereby the working temperature dependent on the operating frequency of the ultrasound transducer lies within the glass transition range of the polymer layer.

Abstract: A method and system for configuring a radio interface between a mobile station and a base station of a time-division multiplex mobile radio telephone system for a packet data transmission, wherein, the mobile stations are additionally identified with brief identifiers and time slots for signaling for the upstream direction are allocated to the mobile stations. The allocation of one or more time slots for signaling for the upstream direction occurs according to a prescribable sequence, wherein the allocation occurs with indicator messages that contain abbreviated identifiers and time slot designations. The allocation is thus independent of a sequence of the packets data transmission from or to the mobile station.

Abstract: A memory-programmable controller used, in particular, in a larger automation system and a method for operation of a memory-programmable controller (S1-Sn). The memory programmable controller (S1-Sn) is linked to a central computer (R) of the automation system over a network (2). All of the user data (3), application programs (4), configuration data (5) and the operating systems (6) of the memory-programmable controller (S1-Sn) are stored on a central computer. However, only working copies of the data are stored in the memory of the memory-programmable controller (S1-Sn). In the case of a failure of the memory-programmable controller (S1-Sn) or components therein, the user data (3), application programs (4), configuration data (5) and/or the operating system (6) are loaded in the memory of the memory-programmable controller from a central computer (R) by way of the network (2). Because of this, updates to the operating system can be carried out centrally and very easily.

Abstract: An analytical balance includes a balance housing having a base area and back structure, a balance scale, and a wind guard encircling the balance scale. The wind guard includes a base surface formed by the base area, a back wall formed by the back structure, a fixed front pane, movable side panes, and a movable upper sliding door. The side panes and the upper sliding door can be opened or closed manually or by motor. The fixed front pane has no frame and is fastened to the base area. The side panes are guided on the base area and are secured on the back structure, to prevent tilting. The upper sliding door is guided by at least one sliding guide on the back structure. This configuration provides an open view of the goods being weighed that is essentially unobstructed from all sides, as well as ready access thereto.

Abstract: A method uses a treatment process for surfaces which subsequently are to be connected by bonding, gluing or molding. The surfaces are exposed to an atmosphere with activated hydrogen. The connection is made a process step for eliminating the conservation treatment. The surfaces can be subjected to a plasma discharge in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. The plasma discharge is operated by a cathode/anode path as a DC discharge, and using a thermionic cathode as the cathode. The workpiece to be stored in air comprises a connection, which by gluing, bonding or molding, is subjectable to substantially higher stress than an identical workpiece which is stored in an identical manner, this being determinable by essentially identical Auger diagrams.

Abstract: In a method for seamless engraving of a pattern in an electronic engraving machine, an engraving element engraves a sequence of cups into a rotating engraving cylinder. For planar engraving of the pattern, the engraving element executes an axial feed motion along the printing cylinder. The pattern is seamlessly engraved such that the seam at which the upper edge and lower edge of the pattern meet at the circumference of the printing cylinder is as invisible as possible. For evaluating the engraved seam, a color proof of at least one separation color of the pattern is produced from the engraving data in a proofing unit, the engraved pattern in the color proof being offset in a circumferential direction of the printing cylinder such that the seam lies within the visible area of the color proof. The color proof is printed with a color printer or is displayed on a color monitor. For that purpose, the separation colors of the pattern are converted into printer colors or monitor colors in a color converter.

Abstract: A process of free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization, in which polymerization is conducted in the presence of a stable N-oxyl radical and the diameter of the monomer droplets in disperse distribution in the aqueous medium is ≦500 nm.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions comprise A) from 5 to 96% by weight of a polyester, B) from 1 to 30% by weight of a nitrogen compound, excluding melamine cyanurate, C) from 0.1 to 30% by weight of a phosphinate of formula I or of a diphosphinate of formula II or of polymers of these or mixtures of these  as defined in the specification D) from 0 to 5% by weight of at least one ester or amide of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms with saturated aliphatic alcohols or amines having from 2 to 40 carbon atoms, and E) from 0 to 60% by weight of other additives, where the total of the percentages by weight of components A) to E) is 100%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of diaminodicyclohexylmethane (“PACM”) with a proportion of trans,trans-4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane of from 17 to 24% by hydrogenation of diaminodiphenylmethane (“MDA”) in the presence of a pulverulent catalyst in a continuously operated suspension reactor at a conversion of MDA of at least 95%, based on the amount of MDA used.

Abstract: In order to detect a motor temperature during operation of a motor without using any sensors, the motor temperature is determined when the motor is switched on by measuring a current and a voltage at the time when the motor is switched on. The motor temperature can be determined by relationships by determining the real element of the motor impedance from the current and voltage signals, and comparing the values when the motor is stationary and values which have been obtained at a known temperature. The determination can be carried out in analog or digital form, with a computer being used in the latter case.

Abstract: A piston holder for drive piston (8) of a setting tool and including at least one friction member for applying pressure to a circumferential surface of the drive piston and having an adjusting surface (17, 24) remote from the drive piston (8) and rising toward a rear, in a setting direction of the setting tool, end of the drive piston, and a pressure element (19, 7′) stationary with respect to an axial direction of the drive piston (8) and which is always in a pressure contact with the adjusting surface (17).