Abstract: The invention relates to a method for spray drying perishable liquid products such as milk products. The exhaust gas from the spray dryer is passed through a gas scrubber in which at least part of the liquid product to be dried is used as washing liquid before spraying it into the spray drying chamber of the spray dryer. Prior to passing it into the gas scrubber the washing liquid is heated to a pasteurizing temperature by suitable heating means. These heating means may, for example, be adapted to inject hot steam into the flow of washing liquid, or the heating means may be in the form of an evaporator connected to the spray dryer at the upstream side thereof.

Abstract: Milk or similar liquids are spray dried using a rotary atomizer wheel whereby such a temperature is imparted to the liquid that a violent release of gas and vapor from the liquid takes place in the atomizer wheel, which gas and vapor are removed before the atomization of the liquid. By these means a powder having at high bulk density and a low content of occluded air is obtained. A special atomizer wheel, having two sets of ejection apertures and two intercommunicating supply compartments makes it possible to eject released gas and vapor through one set of apertures and liquid through the other set, whereby reintroduction in the liquid of the released air is prevented. Also an atomizer wheel of this type is provided wherein the two supply compartments are steam-swept.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introducing a particulate or pulverulent material into a tube or duct in which material is pneumatically transported by a gas flow and possibly simultaneously subjected to some kind of treatment. The material is currently thrown into the duct as a continuous stream or bed, for example by means of a fast moving conveyor belt. Before the stream of material reaches the said duct it is exposed to one or more transversely directed gas jets for spreading the particles in the stream and directing them into the duct through an inlet opening therein.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator for separating liquid and gas comprising a container having a cylindrical wall with a vertical axis and bottom wall defining a central inner surface part having a domed or convex shape, and an annular channel defined at the lower part of the cylindrical wall. The mixture of liquid and gas is introduced into the container and caused to rotate about the said vertical axis. Gas is discharged from the container through a gas discharge tube arranged centrally in the upper part of the container, and liquid is discharged from the annular channel through one or more liquid discharge conduits being connected to a level control device for securing a liquid level within predetermined limits in the channel or groove.

Abstract: A mixer-granulator, preferably a spiral path granulator, is combined with a pneumatic conveyor dryer in a process for converting a solution or suspension into a dried particulate product. In a preferred embodiment, the particles formed in the mixer-granulator show a non-equilibrium moisture distribution with an interior part of lower moisture content and a surface part of higher moisture content.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying disintegrated fiber mass or paper pulp comprising substantially free single fibers and wads or lumps of fibers. The disintegrated fiber mass is exposed to hot drying air or gas at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C. Free fibers are separated from the fiber mass during or after the drying process in order to avoid or compensate for excessive heating and drying of these free fibers. This facilitates a later grinding process in which the dried fiber mass is ground after addition of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus or system for evaporating liquid and comprises spray drying, spray concentration and conditioning (i.e. cooling and/or moistening) of combustion gas or flue gas. Liquid is atomized or sprayed into an evaporating chamber from a liquid spraying or atomizing device arranged centrally in the upper part of the evaporating chamber, and an unobstructed coherent flow of warm gas, such as combustion gas or flue gas is simultaneously directed substantially axially into the evaporating chamber and upwards towards the atomizing device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing cement clinker from raw material in the form of cement raw slurry wherein the raw material is subjected to an initial heat treatment by bringing it into contact with hot gases by subjecting it to an initial spray drying in a spray dryer to convert the raw slurry into cement raw meal and preheated in a suspension preheater prior to burning it in a rotary kiln. Hot gases are directed from the rotary kiln to the preheater for preheating the spray dried raw meal while hot gases are directed to the spray dryer to provide heat for spray drying the raw slurry. A means for producing supplementary hot gases is provided with means for directing said supplementary hot gases in a manner to provide supplementary heat for heat treating the raw material prior to feeding it into the kiln. A rotary kiln plant for manufacturing cement clinker from raw material in the form of cement raw slurry according to the method of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing agglomerated powders such as coffee powder, coffee substitutes such as chicory and other highly hygroscopic and thermoplastic powders in which powder is made to fall down against a central area of a rotating disc. The powder is moistened during the fall against the disc by the supply of steam or finely atomized water across the central area of the disc at such a distance above the same that practically all the powder is moistened before it hits the disc.

Abstract: Milk or similar liquids are spray-dried into a powder having a considerable residual humidity, using an inlet temperature for the drying gas higher than usual. This spray-dried powder is after-dried in a fluidized bed. The fine particles entrained by the gas leaving the spray-drier and the fluidized bed are separated from said gases and added to the main bulk of powder after the latter has left the spray-drier and if necessary has been dried to such an extent that the fine particles will not stick thereto. A powder having very high bulk density is obtained and the heat economy is improved.

Abstract: An atomizer wheel comprising an annular chamber provided with a number of conical outlet holes lined with bushings extending a distance into the chamber.

Abstract: An atomizer wheel for the atomization of dispersions of very highly wearing materials for example a caoline dispersion, said wheel comprising an annular bowl-shaped space defined by a hub, a cylindrical wall concentrically surrounding the hub, and a bottom part connecting said hub and said wall. The wall is provided with a number of holes lined with bushings of a highly wearproof sintered material embedded in cylindrical bushings of a material able to resist tensile stresses such as steel or plastic, said cylindrical bushings fitting loosely in the holes and abutting at their outer end an inwardly projecting edge of the holes and with their inner ends projecting a distance into the annular space.

Abstract: An atomizer wheel comprising an annular chamber provided with a number of conical outlet holes lined with bushings extending a distance into the chamber.