Abstract: A method to realize synchronization of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX). The method includes the following steps: in the receiver (RX) generating trigger signals (T) from the signal (SIG); sending the trigger signals (T) from the receiver (RX) to the transmitter (TX); and upon receipt of the trigger signals (T) by the transmitter (TX) sending the data (DAT) from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX).

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1?) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1). The measured phase difference (P) is communicated to the receiver (RX) and used therein to generate a copy (CLK2).

Abstract: ATM path switched ring switching is based on a ring segment BIP. An ATM VP ring segment is defined as originating at an ATM VP ring input and terminating at an ATM VP ring output. A ring segment BIP is composed of the path BIP error counts of multiple SONET/SDH paths from the ring segment input to the ring segment output.

Abstract: For synchronization purposes, a transmitter (TX) multiplexes a pilot carrier with carriers whereon data elements (DATA) are modulated, and transmits the pilot carrier together with the modulated carriers to a receiver (RX). The immunity of the pilot carrier for interferers, such as radio amateur signals, is improved by modulating the pilot carrier with a non-constant signal, for instance a random signal, an alternating signal or even scrambled data elements (DATA), before transmission thereof. Since demodulation of the pilot carrier in the receiver (RX) and averaging successive demodulated pilot carriers reduces the effect of the interference induced on the non-constantly modulated pilot carrier, the degradation of the synchronization between transmitter (TX and receiver (RX) is reduced significantly.

Abstract: A receiver (EMP1, . . . , EMPn) is disclosed for receiving optical signals from an optical transmission network (NET) serving to transmit coded, multiplexed optical signals. The receiver (EMP1, . . . , EMPn) includes a means (DEK1) for detecting the optical signals to be received, e.g., a Fabry-Perot filter, and processing means (O/E1, 0/E2, 5) to compensate noise present in the detected optical signals by combining the detected optical signals with compensation signals. The means (DEK1) is adapted to transmit optical signals to be received and reflect optical signals not to be received. A further means (K1), e.g., an optical coupler, is provided for deriving the compensation signals from at least part of the reflected optical signals and then applying the compensation signals to the processing means (O/E1, O/E2, 5).

Abstract: The method is used in a telecommunication network wherein a central station (CS) is coupled to a plurality of residences (R1,R2,R3). One of the residences (R3) includes a termination unit (TU) which is coupled to the central station (CS) via a first port (P1). The residence (R3) also includes subscriber terminals, e.g. a personal computer (PC), a telephone set (TEL), a television set (TV) and a set-top box (STB) which are coupled to the termination unit (TU) via a second port (P2). The method includes amplifying an upstream signal (US) applied to the second port (P2) with an upstream gain value (UG) by means of an upstream signal amplifier (U-AMP3) which is included in the termination unit (TU). Thereby, an amplified upstream signal (AUS) is generated and provided to the first port (P1).

Abstract: A method to realise synchronisation in a receiver (RX), of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX).

Abstract: Natural or synthetic silica is deposited on a preform set into rotation in front of a plasma torch which moves back and forth substantially parallel to a longitudinal direction of the preform, a first feed duct feeds the plasma with grains of natural or synthetic silica while a second feed duct feeds the plasma with a fluorine or chlorine compound, preferably a fluorine compound, mixed with a carrier gas. Any sodium or lithium contained in the grains of natural or synthetic silica react with the fluorine or chlorine of the fluorine or chlorine compound, thereby making it possible to improve the optical quality of fibers drawn from a preform built up with natural or synthetic silica, and to do so at reduced cost.

Abstract: A positive active material for nickel electrodes of alkaline storage batteries consists of particles of hydroxide containing mainly nickel and covered with a layer of a hydroxide phase based on nickel and yttrium. The proportion of the hydroxide phase is in the range 0.15% to 3% by weight of yttrium expressed as yttrium hydroxide relative to the total weight of particles.

Abstract: A method for data transfer for various applications between a on board unit (OBU), which comprises a processor, memory means and at least one interface to an external entitiy. A sequence of commands is exchanged over the interface and processed by the OBU in order to perform the respective task according to the application of the OBU and/or the external entity. The system for data transfer comprises a macro interpreter in the OBU to receive and interpret the macros from one of its interfaces.

Abstract: An optical signal transmitter (10) is constituted by a coherent light generator (12) for generating a carrier wavelength and a modulator apparatus (16, 32) coupled with the output of the light generator. The modulator apparatus has a series arrangement of an optical intensity modulator (16) and an optical phase modulator (32) coupled between the input and an output of the modulator means. The intensity modulator (16) has an input (26) for a non return to zero (NRZ) digital signal of a predetermined data rate as defined by a clock generator. The phase modulator (32) has an input coupled with the clock generator which provides pulses to the phase modulator at the data rate, or at an even multiple of the data rate, but phase shifted relative to the data signal such that one end of each digital period is red shifted and the other end is blue shifted to facilitate detection.

Abstract: An arrangement for adjustably coupling a radio frequency input port to a resonator element of the filter. The arrangement comprises a resilient conductor (19) which extends from the input port (15) into the electric field of a resonator element (2). The remote end of the resilient conductor resiliently abuts the point (20) of an adjustment screw (20a). Operating the screw moves the resilient conductor in relation to the electric field and alters the capacitive coupling between the input port and the resonator element for fine tuning the impedance match of the input to the filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for deciding on the acceptance or non-acceptance of a call by taking into consideration data signaled in conjunction with the attempt to establish a connection to a certain subscriber who is the called party, wherein in addition to the signaled data other data are considered which identify the actual situation of the certain subscriber and wherein the data are combined according to freely predetermined criteria, as well as a circuit module, a communication terminal, a portable unit, and a network component for a telecommunication network.

Abstract: To be able to utilize the advantages of a cordless system based on the DECT standard as well as the advantages of a cellular mobile radio system based on the GSM standard, dual-mode units are known which switch automatically to the lower cost standard. The expense of such units and of the necessary additional circuits in the network infrastructure is avoided when the mobile unit and a mobile unit adapter are equipped with an infrared interface, whereby all the necessary information for the man-machine communication are transmitted independently of the standards. In this way it is possible to access the GSM mobile radio network without engaging the network infrastructure, for example with a DECT mobile unit via a GSM mobile unit adapter. The infrared interface circuit, which essentially comprises an infrared transceiver (1.1, 2.1), a codec (1.3, 2.3) and a digital signal processor (1.2, 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing a subscriber (SUB1) with information relating to call-charges for telecommunication services associated with a communication link, as well as a call-charge device (CHARGE), a subscriber terminal (TE4) and a service unit for carrying out the method. The call-charge device (CHARGE) receives one or several of the call-metering messages (MP) associated with the communication link and calculates while the communication link is operative, from these messages (MP) the charges (CH) accrued for the communication link. The call-charge device (CHARGE) then associates with the calculated charges (CH) an acoustic signal and generates an electric signal (ES) which corresponds to the associated acoustic signal. The acoustic signal is subsequently conveyed to the subscriber (SUB1) with the help of an electro-acoustic transducer (LS) which is controlled by the electric signal (ES).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of operating a communications network of a network operator (OPA), which is interconnected with one or more further communications networks of one or more further network operators (OPB to OPZ) via one or more gateways respectively, as well as such a communications network and an interworking facility (GATECEN) for such a communications network. For each gateway, a gateway switching center (GATE.sub.-- EX) exchanges information-bearing data with a switching facility (GATE) of the respective further communications network via at least one bearer channel. Furthermore the interworking functions (STP, KDE, TAR, FUNC1 to FUNC3) are performed for all connections via the one or more bearer channel(s) which support the interconnection of the communications network via the respective gateway with the respective further communications network of the respective other network operator (OPB to OPZ).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of establishing a multichannel connection comprising N channels, two switching facilities, a communications network, and a transmit-side and a receive-side access facility to a communications network. When a multichannel connection (SLOT3, SLOT7; SLOT5, SLOT28) is established through a switching network (DSN), first the transit times (T1, T2, T3) of more than N channels through the switching network (DSN) are determined (MONIT). Then N channels are selected from said more than N channels by means of an algorithm (CONTR), which uses the determined transit times (T1, T2, T3) as input values. Subsequently the selected N channels are assigned as channels to the multichannel connection (SLOT3, SLOT7; SLOT5, SLOT28), and for their synchronization the channels are delayed in accordance with the determined transit times (T1, T2, T3). This method is also applicable to end-to-end multichannel connections and single channel connections.

Abstract: An automatic system for phasing advancing articles having a planar supporting base and a method of phasing objects with this device. The method allows the collection in real time of data concerning the position of the articles (OG), transmit it to an aggregation center (MCR), storing it in a data structure and reprocessing it for determining variations of speed to be imparted to the articles, and sending commands to interfacing means (MAL) towards motors (4). The system comprises individually motorized transport modules (MCS) disposed on a frame (T) and defining a sliding plane for the objects, optical sensors (SO) disposed interstitially to MSC modules for detecting instantaneous data on the position of the objects, and automatic steering and control means (UGC) for changing the speed of the articles so as to create a predetermined gap therebetween, by receiving from sensors (SO) feed back data and changing the speed of modules MSC by acting on a main shaft (2).

Abstract: In an object environment, among the plurality of objects interact, one or several objects in the number of objects are allocated to a component. The naming management is distributed over the components. Each component manages the naming of the component or components which immediately follows it.

Abstract: For image transmission, image data is compressed block by block, and the compressed data is transmitted and decompressed. Due to an information loss during transmission, discontinuities are visible in pictures thus restored, particularly at block boundaries ("blocking effect"). The higher the bit rate, the more visible the discontinuities will be. This is improved by refining the prior art filter. Information for reducing the error is derived from the boundaries of the block, and the filter size is enlarged to 2.times.n+1 pixels, with n=2, 3, 4 preferably limited to one half the number of pixels on one side making up the block. Besides the signal and noise activity of a block, the filter determines both the pixels inside the block and the pixels outside the block. The determination is made by means of the one-dimensional filter in the horizontal and vertical directions.