Abstract: An electric fence energizing apparatus is described in which a chargeable capacitor is connected to the primary winding of a transformer. The secondary winding of the fence is connected to receive pulses at the discharge of the capacitor, the discharge time serving as a measure of the voltage of the corresponding output pulse on the fence. The primary winding of the transformer is divided into two oppositely connected windings. The capacitor is arranged to be discharged through a first one of the primary windings. A voltage determined by the discharge of the capacitor is produced over the second of the primary windings during the discharge process. A measuring unit measure the time of the duration of this voltage over the second winding determined by the discharge of the capacitor.

Abstract: A device for automatic removal of a milking apparatus (6) comprises an operating unit (2) having a cord drum with a cord (13), and a driving motor for turning the cord drum for winding the cord on the latter. The free end of the cord is connected to the milking apparatus, whereby the cord pulls the milking apparatus off the teats of the animal as the cord drum is turned by the driving motor. According to the invention, the driving motor comprises a pneumatically operated motor. The advantage is that the operating unit can be made compact and with a low weight, and that the milker can unwind the cord without any substantial resistance from the motor when the motor is inactivated.

Abstract: In an identification device, which is arranged to be fastened on an animal, a signal device operative for identification purposes is placed in a cavity of a hard capsule which in turn is surrounded by a soft carrier material. By the soft carrier material the identification device is flexible in an area between the capsule, and the part of the identification device which is to be fastened to the animal. The soft carrier material is molded around the capsule, which is formed in one piece around the cavity and has an opening for the introduction of the signal device into the cavity.

Abstract: A milking pulsator comprises a housing, forming a chamber, in which a vacuum passage opens via a first opening. A pulsation channel to be connected to at least one teat cup communicates with the chamber and with atmosphere via a second opening. Valve means are arranged to close and open said first and second openings. Each valve means comprises a membrane, and a pivoted member, the membrane being attached between the pivoted member and the housing. The pivoted members are journalled in the housing for pivotal motion back and forth between closing positions, at which said openings are covered by the membranes of the valve means, and opening positions, at which said openings are uncovered. In addition, adjustment means are adapted to adjust the pivoted members of the valve means such that the first opening is closed when the second opening is uncovered and vice versa.

Abstract: A teat cup liner (12) conventionally has a rotationally symmetrical tubular thick walled shaft portion (15), which has an outer annular groove (16) for receiving an annular end of a shape permanent rotationally symmetrical tubular teat cup 6), on which the teat cup liner is to be mounted, so that the teat cup liner is stretched by the teat cup. According to the invention the tubular shaft portion (15) is provided with an inner annular groove (17) situated close to the outer groove (16) of the shaft portion, but axially displaced relative to the outer groove in direction toward the free end of the shaft portion. The inner groove (17) counteracts the formation of an inner bulging of the shaft portion in front of the outer groove (16), when the teat cup liner is mounted on the teat cup (6).

Abstract: A milking apparatus comprises a teat cup (2) with a liner (3), means (6-8, 9-11, 13-15) for subjecting the interior of the liner to a pressure which is lower than atmospheric pressure, and for subjecting the pulsation chamber (5) formed between the teat cup and the liner to a pulsating pressure varying between a low pressure and a high pressure, which high pressure is higher than the pressure in the interior of the liner. Means are provided (12, 16, 18) for controlling the respective pressures in the liner and the pulsation chamber. A flow sensing member (17) senses the flow of the milk which during milking increases to a main flow, then amounts to the main flow, and diminishes from the main flow in a terminating phase of milking.

Abstract: A teat cup claw comprises a housing (1) forming a chamber (5), at least an inlet for supplying milk to the chamber, an outlet (7) for milk from the chamber for connection to a vacuum source, and a tube (8), which is arranged in the chamber with one of its ends connected to said milk outlet and with its other end situated in the vicinity of but spaced from the bottom of the chamber, the opening of the tube at said other end facing the botttom of the chamber. According to the invention, the part (10) of the tube (8), which during operation is passed by flow of milk from the chamber (5) into the tube (8) in the area of the opening of the tube at said other end, is formed of curved surface portions, having radii of curvature which are greater than 1.5 millimeters.

Abstract: In a method of milking an animal, the conditions of the milking operation are substantially stable during a main milking phase and are unintentionally changed during a terminating milking phase. According to the invention, at least one unintentional change in the milking operation conditions during at least one initial milking operation is sensed, at least one milking parameter is registered in response to said sensed unintentional change, and each said registered parameter is utilized to change the milking conditions of one or more following milking operations for the same animal before each said sensed unintentional change is expected to occur.