Abstract: A device for controlling the flow pattern of the exhaust gas of a supercharged internal combustion engine comprises a diverging conduit disposed at the outlet of an exhaust gas operated centripetal turbine, a radially finned conduit portion, a converging conduit and an exhaust pipe for conveying the gas to atmosphere. The back pressure at the engine exhaust is thus minimized.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil seal device for a rotating shaft support bearing, which is arranged to prevent the emergence of said oil from a collection chamber disposed at one end of the bearing, by means of a stream of air created in an annular meatus provided in the passage which communicates with said chamber.

Abstract: A speed variator for cars of the kind essentially comprising a variable-pitch-circle sheave and a belt and a driven sheave is improved by the provision of two driving half-sheaves which, with their respective driven half-sheaves, and the two belts compose the mechanical part of the variator. Hydraulic or mechanical provide necessary counteracting forces and are controlled by detectors and a transducing system so that the pitch circle diameters of the driving and the driven sheave can be controlled consistently with the variations of any preselected operative parameter of the engine or another part of the vehicle concerned.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in internal combustion engines, by which cavities are provided communicating by way of a respective passage with the intake duct of each cylinder, in order to induce a turbulent movement in the mixture stream drawn in by the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for automatically adjusting the spark advance for controlling the idling r.p.m. in an internal combustion engine, of the type controlled by first sensor means connected by a first connection to the intake duct upstream of the throttle valve. Said device also comprises a second connection to said duct downstream of said valve, said second connection being controlled by a solenoid valve controlled by second sensor means for determining the engine rotational speed, and third sensor means for determining the throttle valve position.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intake duct for feeding mixture or air to a four-stroke internal combustion engine cylinder provided with the usual intake valve or valves, non-return valve means being provided in said duct in series with said intake valve or valves, said non-return valve means being arranged to allow the flow of mixture or air to said cylinder, and being arranged to prevent the reverse flow of mixture returned by the cylinder, from the intake duct to the outside.

Abstract: This invention relates to a timing variator device for an internal combustion engine, comprising a coupling between the cam shaft and the drive gear, which is capable of making angular movements between the coupled parts according to the rotational speed, and in which said movement is actuated by the engine lubricating oil under the control of a valve element constituting the member sensitive to the engine speed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for the regulation and control of the angle of advance in the ignition unit of an internal combustion engine, which is based on the use of a properly programmed microprocessor unit which receives the input data from a set of detectors of engine parameters, processes them and finally delivers output data representative of the regulated magnitude, that is, of the angle of advance.

Abstract: For electronically detecting the displacements of a movable member, such as the throttle of an internal combustion engine an encoding card adapted to the Gray's encoding method is matched with said movable member and an array of phototransistors and photodiodes reads the opaque and the transparent windows formed through the movable member as they pass before the photodiodes so that voltage signals are generated which represent the digit 1 when a transparent window is read out and the digit 0 when an opaque window is read out, the arrangement and the sizes of the windows are in accordance with the Gray's rules of encoding.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coolant circuit for internal combustion engines, specially for motor vehicles. In order to improve the engine operation after cold starting, there is provided a second valve which cooperates with the usual thermostatic valve so as to lower substantially to zero the flow rate of the coolant through the circulating pump and the engine when the engine and the coolant are still cold and limited power is requested.

Abstract: This invention relates to a multi-purpose mechanical hand mainly for industrial applications and able to grip pieces of various shapes and dimensions. The mechanical hand according to the invention is constituted by at least three fingers, each finger being provided with articulated phalanges and a gripping element, the fingers being controlled by a system which enables the degree of tightening and the grip to be controlled by a force threshold method on the basis of the signal representing the force exerted by the individual finger.

Abstract: This invention relates to a regulation and control system for the fuel feeding unit of an internal combustion engine, said system being based on the use of a microprocessing unit which has properly been programmed. A set of detectors of engine parameters supplies the microprocessing unit with a set of input data which are processed in the processing unit and converted into a set of output data which are representative of the regulated magnitudes, more exactly of the duration and phase setting of the fuel feed.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuated fuel-injector for an internal combustion engine is disclosed, in which the core (15) of the coil (16) for the cuplike valve member (37) intended reciprocably to control the fuel-injecting nozzle (48) is provided with longitudinally arranged radial bores (35) in order to minimize the detrimental effects of eddy currents. Longitudinal slots (52) can be provided in said coil core according to an alternative embodiment.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber located between a spherical-cup bottom wall of the engine head and a crown top wall of the piston. The crown wall includes of five wall portions, of which first and second side portions are convex, third and fourth side portions are flat, and a fifth central portion is concave.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electronic device for taking the speed of a rotating member. In order to provide speed signals having a different degree of discrimination at the interior of a determined range of values, the device according to the invention comprises transducer means operatively connected to the rotating member to generate a first train of pulses, pulse generating means for generating a second train of pulses at a constant frequency, counting means for counting the pulses of said second train between two subsequent selected pulses of said first train, and a microprocessor for comparing the counted pulses with reference numbers comprised between predetermined minimum and maximum values corresponding to higher and lower values of a maximum speed zone of the speed range.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which detects the knocking phenomena in a controlled-ignition internal combustion engine, the device essentially comprising two ionization probes arranged in a zone of the explosion chamber remote from the sparking plug: the probes deliver signals when the state of ionization changes and the time interval between the signals of the two probes is measured and compared with an appropriate reference value.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for refining the adjustment of the angle of ignition advance in an internal combustion engine.The angles of rotation of the crankshaft relative to the top dead center of an engine cylinder, relative to the start of ignition and the completion of combustion are detected electronically and signals are processed which are expressive of the magnitudes of said angles: these magnitudes are compared in a comparison circuit which is calibrated according to an optimum preselected ratio between the two angles. The electronic comparison circuit is capable of commanding the controlled-ignition system of the engine so as to modify the angle of advance of ignition continually, keeping it constantly to the desired optimum value.

Abstract: A hydraulic and pneumatic suspension system for motor vehicle is disclosed, the improvement consisting in that each stay tube of the system is connected to a liquid-level-adjuster of its own and is also connected to a load-shift adjuster: the latter device is capable of controlling, according to a preselected value, the ratio of distribution of the load between the wheels of the front axles and those of the rear axle. These interconnections are such as to provide an improved control of the rolling and the pitching movements of the vehicle body while concurrently providing a better shock dampening in the case in which one wheel only is engaged by an isolated obstacle.

Abstract: A motor car dashboard, which is compact and has a self contained design and is functionally improved in that the scales of measure of certain magnitudes (e.g. Speed) are divided into staggered sectors corresponding to the most common fields of use, and in that it is possible to take immediate digital readouts of the most important physical magnitudes of interest for a motorist on a display screen, it being sufficient to depress a pushbutton which energizes an electronic readout apparatus for each magnitude of interest and causes the display to be shown on said screen.

Abstract: For the automatic adjustment of the number of revolutions per minute of an internal combustion engine in idling conditions when the accelerator pedal is released, a device is disclosed with which the instantaneous rpm is sensed and compared with reference values of the number of revolutions, called N.sub.1, N.sub.2 and N.sub.3, wherein N.sub.2 is smaller than N.sub.3 but equal to, or greater than, N.sub.1. These reference values can be used to preset an electronic comparison circuit, or the comparison can be effected by exploiting a mechanism comprising a metering pump, the result being always that when the rpm of the engine is below the preselected minimum, the feed of fuel to the engine is supplemented, whereas it is reduced or cut off if the situation is the contrary, that is when the engine tends to overtake the normal idling rpm.