Abstract: A system that includes a pop-up graphical user interface that includes menu bars overlapping marking menu zones. The interface pops up at the current position of the cursor when the space bar is held down. The menu bars are positioned around a central marking zone with the common menu bars located above the central zone and task specific menu bars located below the central zone. The common application menu bar is positioned outer most and the common window menu bar is located inner most. The menu bars are sized in a “stair-step” pattern and the commands therein are left and right justified to fill the menu bar evenly. The menu bar menu items are accessed just like menu bar items typically found at the top of windows. The menu bars mimic the menu bars that a user may need to use during tasks that users typically perform using the menu bars found in application windows.

Abstract: A system that includes a pop-up graphical user interface that includes menu bars overlapping marking menu zones. The interface pops up at the current position of the cursor when the space bar is held down. The menu bars are positioned around a central marking zone with the common menu bars located above the central zone and task specific menu bars located below the central zone. The common application menu bar is positioned outer most and the common window menu bar is located inner most. The menu bars are sized in a “stair-step” pattern and the commands therein are left and right justified to fill the menu bar evenly. The menu bar menu items are accessed just like menu bar items typically found at the top of windows. The menu bars mimic the menu bars that a user may need to use during tasks that users typically perform using the menu bars found in application windows.

Abstract: The present invention is a system that provides a layer editor representing layers using box like controls. The layer controls are arranged in vertical stack representing the ordering of the layers in the paint application and provided with a highlight frame that indicates an active layer. The name or graphic of each layer depicted in the corresponding box for that layer can be created using drawing strokes of a stylus or pen of a pen-based computer. The pen is also used to select the controls, pop-up menus and perform selections or operations with underlying menus and/or functions. Making a mark with the pen can be used to select layer editing functions. A drawing dialog is used to write or draw the names applied to the layers.

Abstract: A system is described that allows a user to create a lineup of alternatives as controls for a part of a 3D scene. Once the alternatives are created, the user can click between them by selecting a desired button and only the alternative selected in that lineup is shown in the scene. The user can create multiple lineups, each for a different part or overlapping parts of the scene, for changing the materials in a scene, and/or for positioning objects in a scene. Alternatives from each lineup can be selected and displayed independently of one another. An alternative in a lineup is created by selecting scene contents and designating a lineup alternative control (An add alternative button) to contain or receive the contents. The lineups and alternatives can be named. The lineups are provided in a graphical user interface (GUI) that displays each alternative as a thumbnail image or swatch control where the swatch image can be a compressed image of the scene containing the corresponding alternative.

Abstract: A 3D modeling workflow system is disclosed that allows the user to create multiple 2D planes or paint canvases in the 3D scene each having a position and orientation. These 2D planes can be arbitrarily positioned in the 3D scene and can contain a combination of paint and model construction geometry. The construction geometry can span multiple 2D planes. The user is allowed to sketch on the planes using paint and create curve geometry in and between the planes using the sketches as a reference. Collectively the 2D planes allow a 3D object to be represented with different types of input where portions of the object are drawn in by paint and other or the same portions are composed of geometry. The user can swap between painting on the 2D planes and creating model geometry as needed.

Abstract: The present invention is a particle position solver that allows particles to reach an end of a fixed time, time step in an invalid state and which are then pushed toward a valid state. This allows the solver to continue the simulation while the simulation results move toward a valid behavior. Particle collision calculations are simplified by adopting a non-sequential model ignoring some collisions or combining them. The speed of the simulation is also improved by performing some operations outside the solver calculation loop and by using specialized data structures.

Abstract: The present invention is a system that manages a volumetric display using volume windows. The volume windows have the typical functions, such as minimize, resize, etc., which operate in a volume. When initiated by an application a volume window is assigned to the application in a volume window data structure. Application data produced by the application is assigned to the windows responsive to which applications are assigned to which windows in the volume window data structure. Input events are assigned to the windows responsive to whether they are spatial or non-spatial. Spatial events are assigned to the window surrounding the event or cursor where a policy resolves situations where more than one window surrounds the cursor. Non-spatial events are assigned to the active or working window.

Abstract: Flood filling a region with anti-aliasing. In forming a fill region, a candidate pixel can be included in the region based on a color of the pixel and also a color of a neighbor of the point. The inclusion basis may be a color distance between a seed color and the points, and a color distance between the seed color and the point's neighbor. Points in the region may be weighted according to their color distance relative to the seed color, where the color distance can also take into account alpha values. Flood filling may be anti-aliased by assigning alpha values to pixels in gaps between corners of the fill region, where an alpha value may be proportional to a point's contribution to the gap. Dimples in a fill region may be tested for and used to determine which of two flood fill algorithms to use.

Abstract: The present invention is a widget display system for a volumetric or true three-dimensional (3D) display that provides a volumetric or omni-viewable widget that can be viewed and interacted with from any location around the volumetric display. The widget can be viewed from any location by duplicating the widget such that all locations around the display are within the viewing range of the widget. A widget can be provided with multiple viewing surfaces or faces making the widget omni-directional. A widget can be continuously rotated to face all of the possible locations of users over a period of time. User locations can be determined and the widget can be oriented to face the users when selected.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing 3D data, including data storage, memory and processing. 3D data is stored in the memory means and the processing is configured to evaluate the 3D data with respect to a first function of time in a first evaluation mode and with respect to a second function of time in a second evaluation mode.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and computer readable storage medium for accurately performing Boolean operations on subdivision surfaces. The present invention produces a base mesh which subdivides into a surface which represents the Boolean operation of two subdivision surfaces. The method includes (a) chopping pieces of two Catmull-Clark bases meshes which correspond to pieces of a Boolean surface computed from limit surfaces of the two base meshes; (b) creating new edges on the chopped pieces to create quadrilaterals and triangles; and (c) merging the chopped pieces with the new edges into a Boolean base mesh which approximates the Boolean surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a two-handed input control system that dynamically changes an input-to-object mapping for mapping movement of a graphical object on a display of a virtual scene as the viewpoint of the virtual scene changes. As input to the system for changing the position of the graphical object occurs, the mapping is revised to reflect changes in the viewpoint so that the object moves as inherently expected. That is, changes to the viewpoint change the mapping so that a correspondence between the viewpoint and the input space is always maintained. During movement of the object a screen cursor is visually suppressed so that the movement of the graphical object and the screen cursor do not split the attention of the user. The screen cursor is always maintained within the visual display region of the virtual scene even when the object moves out of the visual display region by moving the cursor to a center of the screen when it reaches an edge of the screen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for interactively moving a hit point within a current triangle of the model, where the hit point defines a location of a brush stamp relative to the model, where a circle with a radius either defines the brush stamp or minimally contains the brush stamp. For each vertex of the current triangle containing the hit point, a sub-neighborhood of vertices of the model is defined by including in the sub-neighborhood vertices of the model that are within a distance of the hit point, the distance being a sum of the radius of the circle added to a length of a longest edge that is attached to the vertex. A sub-parameterization for each sub-neighborhood is then computed. The system then finds a barycentric coordinate of the hit point in the current triangle, where the barycentric coordinate has three barycentric values, each corresponding to a vertex of the current triangle.

Abstract: The present invention is a system that allows a user to physically rotate a three-dimensional volumetric display enclosure with a corresponding rotation of the display contents. The rotation of the enclosure is sampled with an encoder and the display is virtually rotated by a computer maintaining the scene by an amount corresponding to the physical rotation before being rendered. This allows the user to remain in one position while viewing different parts of the displayed scene corresponding to different viewpoints. The display contents can be rotated in direct correspondence with the display enclosure or with a gain (positive or negative) that accelerates the rotation of the contents with respect to the physical rotation of the enclosure. Any display widgets in the scene, such as a virtual keyboard, can be maintained stationary with respect to the user while scene contents rotate by applying a negative rotational gain to the widgets.

Abstract: A system or method to distribute curvature in a set of target vertices by computing curvature at boundary vertices of the set of target vertices by use of an umbrella operator. The boundary curvatures may be distributed into the set of target vertices by solving for a system of Umbrella operator equations for curvatures of respective vertices of the set of target vertices, with the computed curvature at the boundary vertices as a boundary condition for the system of equations. The vertices of the set of target vertices may be repositioned relative to the their neighbors according to the solved curvatures of the respective vertices of the set of vertices. The computing, distributing, and repositioning may be repeated, thereby changing the overall shape of the set of target vertices according to the curvature at the boundary vertices.

Abstract: A method for converting a subdivision surface, such as a Catmull-Clark subdivision surface, into a cubic Bezier surface defined by sixteen control points. The method includes (a) converting a subdivision face to Bezier control points using a conversion matrix using fifteen points and a dummy value for an unavailable sixteenth point; and (b) replacing one of the Bezier control points which corresponds to an extraordinary point on the subdivision face with the extraordinary point's limit point.

Abstract: A method for converting a subdivision surface, such as a Catmull-Clark subdivision surface, into a cubic Bezier surface defined by sixteen control points. The method includes (a) converting a subdivision face to Bezier control points using a conversion matrix using fifteen points and a dummy value for an unavailable sixteenth point; and (b) replacing one of the Bezier control points which corresponds to an extraordinary point on the subdivision face with the extraordinary point's limit point.

Abstract: A system that includes a pop-up graphical user interface that includes menu bars overlapping marking menu zones. The interface pops up at the current position of the cursor when the space bar is held down. The menu bars are positioned around a central marking zone with the common menu bars located above the central zone and task specific menu bars located below the central zone. The common application menu bar is positioned outer most and the common window menu bar is located inner most. The menu bars are sized in a “stair-step” pattern and the commands therein are left and right justified to fill the menu bar evenly. The menu bar menu items are accessed just like menu bar items typically found at the top of windows. The menu bars mimic the menu bars that a user may need to use during tasks that users typically perform using the menu bars found in application windows.

Abstract: A system that includes a pop-up graphical user interface that includes menu bars overlapping marking menu zones. The interface pops up at the current position of the cursor when the space bar is held down. The menu bars are positioned around a central marking zone with the common menu bars located above the central zone and task specific menu bars located below the central zone. The common application menu bar is positioned outer most and the common window menu bar is located inner most. The menu bars are sized in a “stair-step” pattern and the commands therein are left and right justified to fill the menu bar evenly. The menu bar menu items are accessed just like menu bar items typically found at the top of windows. The menu bars mimic the menu bars that a user may need to use during tasks that users typically perform using the menu bars found in application windows.

Abstract: A method of converting a subdivision surface to a NURBS representation. Adjacent faces of a subdivision surface are merged into a quadrilateral region, and vertices of the rectangular regions are used to generate a NURBS surface. The merging of faces reduces the number of vertices needed. Faces should not be merged if they do not comprise a quadrilateral region; if they cross an extraordinary point; if they cross a crease; or a face has already been merged. Imaginary vertices can be generated if not enough vertices are present for a face in the subdivision surface to create a corresponding NURBS patch for that face.