Abstract: An intraoral scanning system comprises and intraoral scanner and a processor. The intraoral scanner comprises one or more cameras and one or more structured light projectors, the intraoral scanner to generate a series of images using the one or more cameras, each image including at least a portion of a pattern projected by the one or more structured light projectors onto an intraoral three-dimensional surface. The processor runs a correspondence algorithm to compute respective three-dimensional positions of a plurality of features of the pattern on the intraoral three-dimensional surface, as captured in the series of images. The processor identifies the computed three-dimensional position of a detected feature of the pattern as corresponding to a particular projector ray r, in at least a subset of the series of images. The processor tracks the particular projector ray r across one or more additional images of the series of images.

Abstract: Methods of representing user edits or modifications of a treatment plan for a dental apparatus (e.g., one or a series of aligners) by managing an original clinical data set and a set of modifications of the clinical data set. Also described herein are methods of displaying, condensing, storing and reconstructing collision regions between two or more teeth.

Abstract: An intraoral scanning system comprises an intraoral scanner and a computing device. The computing device receives intraoral scans of a dental site from the intraoral scanner, the intraoral scans comprising at least a first intraoral scan and a second intraoral scan. The computing device determines, for each point in the second intraoral scan based on a first comparison of the first intraoral scan to the second intraoral scan, whether the point is a back-face point or an uncovered point. The computing device determines a region comprising a plurality of points in the second intraoral scan that are uncovered points, determines whether the region satisfies one or more removal criteria, and removes the region from the second intraoral scan responsive to determining that the region satisfies the one or more removal criteria.

Abstract: Intraoral scanning systems for displaying 3D models of a patient's dental arch and near-IR images from the dental arch. These systems may include a wand with one or more image sensors and processors for processing the 3D models and near-IR information. The 3D models may include surface (e.g., color) information and the near-IR images may include information on internal structures, including enamel and dentin.

Abstract: Systems for thermal forming an object are provided. In some embodiments, a system for thermal forming an object using a mold includes one or more processors, and memory including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform the following operations: receiving a mold identifier identifying the mold; determining mold process information for forming the object based on the mold identifier; inserting a material into a heating area, the material having a geometry selected based on the mold process information; heating the material using one or more independently controllable heat sources; and forming the object by disposing the heated material over or into at least a portion of the mold.

Abstract: Methods for automatically segmenting a 3D model of a patient's teeth may include scanning a patient's dentition and converting the scan data into a 3D model, including a sparse voxel representation of the 3D model. Features can be extracted from the sparse voxel representation of the 3D model and input into a machine learning model to train the machine learning model to segment the 3D model into individual dental components.

Abstract: A system comprises a dental tray comprising an array of cameras, wherein each camera of the first array of cameras has a fixed position and orientation relative to one or more other camera of the array of cameras. The system further comprises a processing device to receive a plurality of images generated by the array of cameras, stitch the plurality of images together based on calibration data specifying predetermined image stitching parameters for combining the plurality of images, wherein the predetermined image stitching parameters are based on predetermined fixed relative positions and orientations of cameras from the array of cameras, and generate a three-dimensional model of a plurality of teeth based on the stitched plurality of images.

Abstract: A system includes an intraoral scanner that generates a plurality of intraoral images of a dental site and a computing device. The computing device generates a first surface of a first region of the dental site based on a first intraoral image and generates a second surface of a second region of the dental site based on a second intraoral image. The computing device determines relative positions of the first surface and the second surface, wherein overlap between the first region of the dental site represented in the first intraoral image and the second region of the dental site represented the second intraoral image is insufficient for registration of the second intraoral image to the first intraoral image. The computing device outputs the first surface and the second surface having the relative positions to a display.

Abstract: An apparatus for intraoral scanning includes an elongate handheld wand that has a probe. One or more light projectors and two or more cameras are disposed within the probe. The light projectors each has a pattern generating optical element, which may use diffraction or refraction to form a light pattern. Each camera may be configured to focus between 1 mm and 30 mm from a lens that is farthest from the camera sensor. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: A method includes identifying first geometry of a first mold associated with a first dental arch and a second geometry of a second mold associated with a second dental arch. The method further includes determining, based on the first geometry and the second geometry that the first mold and the second mold are to be used for simultaneous forming of a first dental appliance and a second dental appliance on a plate in a dental appliance manufacturing system. The method further includes causing, based on the first geometry and the second geometry, one or more portions of the dental appliance manufacturing system to be configured to form the first dental appliance and the second dental appliance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for automatic treatment planning, including recommendation systems, quality assurance, error prevention, text mining, text matching, and treatment planning optimization.

Abstract: System for scanning a subject's teeth. Described herein are intraoral scanning apparatuses for generating a three-dimensional model of a subject's intraoral region (e.g., teeth). These apparatuses may be used for identifying and evaluating lesions, caries and cracks in the teeth.

Abstract: Methods of forming interproximal reduction guides are described herein. These interproximal reduction guides apparatuses may include a body that fits over the patient's dental arch and one or more guide slots formed in them configured to limit the motion of an interproximal reduction cutting tool in a defined manner.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating orthodontic appliances are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes providing a polymerizable composition including a first polymerizable component and a second polymerizable component. The polymerizable composition can be characterized by an initial ratio of the first polymerizable component to the second polymerizable component. The method can include fabricating a portion of the orthodontic appliance from the polymerizable composition by forming a first region of the orthodontic appliance by exposing the polymerizable composition to radiation, the first region including a first ratio of the first polymerizable component to the second polymerizable component. The method can also include forming a second region of the orthodontic appliance, the second region including a second ratio of the first polymerizable component to the second polymerizable component. The initial ratio, the first ratio, and the second ratio can be different.

Abstract: Multiple techniques for detecting defects in customized dental appliances are disclosed. In one technique, processing logic obtains one or more images of a customized dental appliance, obtains a digital model associated with the customized dental appliance, and identifies an area of the one or more images that comprises a representation of the customized dental appliance. Processing logic then registers the one or more images to the digital model, compares the area of the one or more images of the customized dental appliance with the digital model of the customized dental appliance, determines a difference between the area of the one or more images that comprises the representation of the customized dental appliance and the digital model of the customized dental appliance at a region, and determines whether the difference satisfies a defect criterion.

Abstract: Systems and methods for rapidly and reliably determining an arch with of a patient's dental arch. A first portion of a 3D model of a patient's dentition is identified that corresponds to a first target tooth, the first portion of the 3D model is associated with one or more attributes of the first target tooth. A second portion of the 3D model is identified that corresponds to a second target tooth opposing the first target tooth. The second portion is associated with one or more attributes of the second target tooth. The arch width is automatically measured based on the attributes of the first and second target teeth. A graphic representing the arch width is overlayed on the patient's dentition.

Abstract: A processing device receives image data of an actual condition of a patient's dental arch at a stage of an orthodontic treatment plan. The processing device compares the image data of the actual condition of the patient's dental arch to a planned condition of the patient's dental arch for the stage of the orthodontic treatment plan. The processing device determines an updated orthodontic treatment plan based on one or more differences between the actual condition of the patient's dental arch and the planned condition of the patient's dental arch determined from the comparing. The processing device generates one or more three-dimensional (3D) models for one or more new orthodontic aligners in accordance with the updated orthodontic treatment plan.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods, systems, and devices for prioritization of three dimensional dental elements. One method for prioritizing three dimensional dental elements includes receiving a virtual initial dental data set (IDDS) of teeth having spatial information regarding the positions of a number of teeth in the virtual IDDS with respect to each other for presentation of the teeth in a virtual three dimensional space to be viewed on a user interface, setting prioritization values of a number of elements of one or more of the number of teeth, and prioritizing the number of elements to be selected by a user based upon their prioritization values.

Abstract: Methods and systems including: receiving one or more 2D images of a patient's face including a depiction of the patient's teeth in an initial arrangement; extracting teeth contours of the patient's teeth from within the mouth region of the one or more received 2D images of the patient's face; generating, using a neural network, a 2D rendering depicting a post-treatment arrangement of the patient's teeth based on the one or more received 2D images; generating a realistic composite 2D image depicting the patient's face with the 2D rendering depicting the post-treatment arrangement of the patient's teeth; and sending the realistic composite 2D image for display on a user interface of an output device.

Abstract: This disclosure provides low-viscosity resins for producing polymers with properties suitable for use in various mechanical appliances, such as orthodontic appliances (e.g., aligners). The low-viscosity resins may be photo-curable and can be used with direct fabrication methods and equipment. In various embodiments, the polymeric materials produced from the low-viscosity resins described herein have high toughness while remaining resistant to stress relaxation. Low-viscosity, photo-curable resins described herein have reduced hydrogen bonding in comparison to traditional materials (e.g., materials having high urethane content) used in orthodontic appliances.