Abstract: A method for refining a molten metal bath is provided including introducing a refining gas containing substantially a combination of oxygen and nitrogen to the molten bath to reduce the carbon content of the bath to a selected level; thereafter an inert gas, such as argon, is introduced to the molten bath from a lance adapted to direct the inert gas onto or beneath the bath surface, whereby the inert gas serves to efficiently remove nitrogen from the bath.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing thin gauge cube-on-edge grain-oriented silicon steel from hot-rolled band to final gauge in two cold reduction steps. The two-stage cold reduction process requires an intermediate anneal between the two stages of cold reduction and requires that the cold working of the desired intermediate gauge to final gauge include a cold reduction of at least 55% to provide a final gauge product of nominally 0.007 inch.A cube-on-edge grain-oriented silicon steel product is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing an annealing separator coating on grain oriented silicon steel prior to final texture annealing to improve the coating uniformity and prevent oxidation of the steel surface during this annealing operation. The method comprises coating the steel with a conventional coating, such as magnesium oxide, having an addition of an inert, high temperature refractory annealing separator agent, preferably calcined alumina.An annealing separator composition is also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for descaling metal strip, such as titanium in a molten salt bath. The improvement eliminates the production of defects in the strip as a result of electrical arcing between the strip and the submersion rolls used to maintain the strip submerged within the molten salt bath. The method includes providing a portion of the roll with an electrically insulating coating so that the arcing between the strip and the roll is eliminated.A roll having a coating thereon and useful in molten salt bath descaling processes is also provided.

Abstract: A reusable shipping container, particularly adapted for the shipment of tubular product. The container has a generally rectangular base that is adapted to support the product during shipment. Generally rectangular side and end panel components are provided and have projecting members that mate with and extend into receptacles provided in the base and top panel components. Likewise, means are provided for connecting in sealing engagement panel components and the base at their adjacent edges. In this manner the container components are reusable and interchangeable.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel particularly adapted for low temperature applications and having good low temperature properties; the steel consists essentially of, in weight percent, carbon 0.03 max., manganese 6.4 to 7.5, silicon up to 1%, chromium 16 to 17.5, nickel 4 to 5.0, copper up to 1%, nitrogen 0.13 to 0.20, and balance iron. The steel is characterized by minimum properties of 17% minimum elongation, 0.025 inch lateral expansion and tensile strength of 175,000 psi at a temperature of -320.degree. F. and an M.sub.d30 temperature of -10.degree. C. or lower.

Abstract: An improvement in the manufacture of cube-on-edge oriented silicon steel; the improvement comprises decarburizing said steel followed by cold deformation prior to final texture annealing, whereby reduced watt loss is achieved.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a nickel-chromium-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel in heavy section sizes and in welded article form substantially free of second phase precipitation from annealing and welding temperatures. The method includes providing nitrogen additions and annealing at temperatures of less than 2100.degree. F., preferably less than 2000.degree. F.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scribing grain-oriented silicon steel to improve the core loss thereof is provided. The method comprises passing the final gauge steel after cold rolling through a roll pass defined by an anvil roll and a scribing roll having a surface with a plurality of projections thereon with said projections being generally in a direction of the roll axis; the anvil roll is constructed from a material that is relatively more elastic than the material from which said scribing roll is constructed. Preferably the scribing roll is constructed from steel and the anvil roll is constructed from rubber.

Abstract: A substantially austenitic stainless steel is provided which is characterized by increased strength resulting from martensite formation upon cold working; the stainless steel consists essentially of, in weight percent, 0.08 max. carbon, 0.25 max. nitrogen, 12 to 15 chromium, 6.5 to 8.5 manganese, about 2 to 3.5 nickel, the sum of manganese and nickel being at least 9.0, and balance iron. The steel is further characterized by having less than 15% ferromagnetic phases in the cast and hot-processed conditions.A method of producing the steel product including hot working the steel alloy to a thickness which allows cold working by an amount equivalent to up to 25% thickness reduction and cold working without an intermediate anneal is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing steel in a top-blown molten metal vessel having a hot metal charge to form a bath. The method comprises top blowing from a lance oxygen gas onto or beneath the surface of the bath while introducing an inert gas to the bath from beneath the surface thereof during said top blowing. The rate of inert gas is increased progressively during top blowing of oxygen and the rate of oxygen is decreased progressively during said top blowing.

Abstract: Ladles and the like into which hot metal is teemed are refractory lined to withstand the high-temperature effects of the hot metal. Prior to teeming of the hot metal into the ladle, the ladle is heated by applying a flame to the interior thereof, which flame is provided by a burner that directs the flame through a ladle cover plate having a substantially flat surface covered with heat-insulating refractory material, which surface is brought into sealing engagement with the ladle. This seal minimizes the amount of heat energy that escapes from the ladle to render the preheating operation more efficient. The rim of the ladle, which contacts in sealing engagement the heat-insulating refractory material of the ladle cover plate, causes wear and damage to the heat-insulating refractory material.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for refining molten metal in a top-blown vessel, particularly, by removal of the carbon content. The system includes various means for selecting, regulating the composition and controlling the rate of flow of the top-blown gases. The system further includes various means for introducing an inert gas from beneath the molten bath surface during top blowing and regulating the composition and controlling the rate of flow of the inert gas as a function of the top-blown gas composition and flow rate.A method for introducing the gases is also provided.

Abstract: A method of welding ferritic stainless steel to austenitic stainless steel to form a corrosion-resistant welded article having a stabilized weld joint is provided. The ferritic steel contains 17 to 35% chromium and a total carbon and nitrogen less than the total carbon and nitrogen of the austenitic steel containing 16 to 29% chromium. The weld is stabilized with up to 4% stabilizer selected from the group consisting of titanium and columbium, and at least 0.5% stabilizer when the weld deposit contains at least about 22% chromium or at least 30% total of chromium and three times the molybdenum content, and at least 0.8% stabilizer for less than about 22% chromium or less than about 30% total of chromium and three times the molybdenum content. The source of the stabilizer may be the ferritic steel or austenitic steel or a weld filler metal.A corrosion-resistant welded article produced by the method is also provided, such as a ferritic stainless steel tube and austenitic stainless steel tubesheet.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant component is provided for a corrosion-resistant tube assembly. The component includes a corrosion-susceptible metal tube and a sleeve of corrosion-resistant metal mechanically joined to the tube for protecting the end portions of the tube. The sleeve includes a first portion terminating in a ring-shaped second portion. The first portion annularly extends about a surface of a tube and is mechanically joined thereto. A second portion of the sleeve overlies the annular end surfaces of the corrosion-susceptible tube. The component includes a corrosion-resistant liner for the tube which is sealed with an inside surface of a portion of the sleeve about the circumference by an expansion joint between the liner and tube.A corrosion-resistant tube assembly having a corrosion-resistant component is also provided such that tubes are mechanically and threadably joined by the sleeves. The assembly has all inside surfaces of the tube assembly of corrosion-resistant material.

Abstract: A metering system is provided for automatically controlling and monitoring corrosive liquids. The system includes a pneumatically or electrically actuated valve and a meter upstream of the valve. The meter includes a device for transmitting an electrical signal proportional to the flow through the meter to a controller means which receives the signal and counts the volume units of flow. The controller also includes a device to transmit an electrical signal to stop the flow of corrosive liquids at a predetermined volume level. The system includes a timer for activating the system at a preset time and a valve actuator means. A method for automatically controlling and monitoring the flow of corrosive liquids is also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for longitudinally slitting metal strip under tension is provided. The method includes driving the strip forward and controlling the speed thereof through frictional engagement with the strip and slitting the strip under tension while further driving the strip, winding coils of slit strip while still further driving the strip and measuring the speed of the strip before slitting, the speed of slitting and the speed of winding the coils of slit strip and controlling those speeds as a function of the driving speed for providing a predetermined tension during slitting and for winding tighter coils of metal strip. An apparatus is also provided which includes a driven roll means before the slitter, a slitting means which is driven and a take-up winder means which is driven, as well as speed controls for slitting the strip under tension in order to provide tightly wound coils of slit metal strip ranging from light to heavy gauge.

Abstract: A method for producing stainless steel in a top-blown molten metal vessel having a hot metal charge to form a bath. The method comprises top blowing from a lance oxygen and/or a mixture of oxygen and inert gas onto or beneath the surface of the bath while introducing a low flow rate inert gas to the bath from beneath the surface thereof during said top blowing. The ratio of oxygen-to-inert gas is decreased progressively during top blowing. The relative flow proportion of top-blown gases and bottom-blown gases remains substantially the same throughout the process.

Abstract: A composite article, and method for producing the same, said article being adapted for use as a semiconductor device. The composite article comprises and is produced by depositing on a first layer of metal having an irregular metal surface a second layer consisting essentially of a phosphate, silicate or a combination thereof, said second layer having a thickness sufficient to provide a smooth surface over said irregular metal surface and a third layer of a conventional semiconductor material coated on said smooth surface.

Abstract: An amorphous Fe-B-Si alloy and article made therefrom is provided having improved castability while maintaining good magnetic properties, ductility and improved thermal stability. Fe-B-Si alloys containing 0.1-4.0% Cr, in atomic percent, have improved castability and amorphousness. An alloy is provided generally consisting essentially of 6-10% B, 14-17% Si, 0.1-4.0% Cr, and the balance iron, and no more than incidental impurities. A method of casting an amorphous strip material from the alloy is also provided.