Abstract: Defined shapes of thin metallic sheet are continuously formed by forcing molten metal onto the surface of a moving chill body under pressure through a slotted nozzle located in close proximity to the surface of the chill body. The surface of the chill body whereon the shaped parts are formed is provided with raised or lowered domains corresponding in outline to that of the desired defined shape. As the metal is cast, as a thin sheet against the chill surface, discontinuities arise in the sheet at the walls of the raised or lowered domains defining the desired shape so that sheet product of defined shape is obtained, as if punched out from a continuous strip of the metal.

Abstract: A physically and functionally stable solution for water treatment comprises an about 1.2-2.7 molar aqueous phosphate-stabilized polyaluminum sulfate solution of a composition having the formulaAl(OH).sub.x (SO.sub.4).sub.y (H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.zwhereinx is about 1.2 to 1.62;y is about 0.595 to 0.87; andz is about 0.06 to 0.19with the proviso that the sum of x+2y+z is 3. The aqueous phosphate-stabilized polyaluminum sulfate solution can be prepared by reacting alumina hydrate with phosphoric acid and contacting the reacted alumina hydrate with an aqueous polyaluminum sulfate solution. Alternatively, the aqueous phosphate-stabilized polyaluminum sulfate solution can be prepared by reacting an aqueous overbasified polyaluminum sulfate phosphate solution with an aqueous aluminum sulfate solution.

Abstract: Emulsion and several spin finishes are disclosed for incorporation with synthetic organic polymer yarn or yarn products to render the same oil repellent and resistant to soiling. The emulsions and spin finishes all include a yarn finish composition which comprises (a) a solution of a salt of dioctyl sulfosuccinate, propylene glycol and water, and (b) a fluorochemical compound consisting of polycarboxybenzene esterified with certain partially fluorinated alcohols and with hydroxyl-containing organic radicals such as 2-hydroxyethyl, glyceryl, and chlorohydryl or bromohydryl.

Abstract: An improved process is described for synthetically converting methanol to ethanol in which a mixture of methanol and cobalt catalyst is pre-pressurized with an atmosphere of carbon monoxide at room temperature and at a pressure of about 10 to 1000 psi gauge, in a suitable pressure vessel. A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide/hydrogen, in the stoichiometric 1:2 molar ratio, is then introduced to react with the methanol/cobalt catalyst mixture and the temperature is raised to about 175.degree. to 240.degree. C. at a pressure of about 3000-6000 psig. The improved process leads to higher selectivities of ethanol formation with lowered amounts of by-products.

Abstract: Brazing of metal parts employing a homogeneous, ductile, filler metal foil is disclosed. The brazing foil, useful for brazing stainless steels, has a composition consisting essentially of 0 to about 4 atom percent iron, 0 to about 21 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 16 atom percent boron, 0 to about 19 atom percent silicon, 0 to about 22 atom percent phosphorus and the balance nickel and incidental impurities. In addition to containing the foregoing elements within the above-noted composition ranges, the composition must be such that the total of iron, chromium and nickel ranges from about 76 to 84 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and phosphorus ranges from about 16 to 24 atom percent. The ductile foil permits fabrication of preforms of complex shapes which do not require binders and/or fluxes necessary for brazing powders presently used to braze stainless steels and nickel base alloys.

Abstract: A muffler (50,50') for use in conjunction with a plurality of aspirators during the production of multifilament, synthetic yarn is provided. The exhaust tubes (32) of the aspirators are clustered for discharge by and through the muffler (50,50') which reduces audible noise collectively emitted at the exit ends of the exhaust tubes (32) by as much as 16 .DELTA. dB(A) and more. The noise is reduced and any waste yarn transported through the use of a plurality of perforated tubes (59,59'), resonant cavities (61,61'), and sound absorbing material (62,62').

Abstract: An amorphous silica/alumina gel catalyst obtained by coprecipitating orthosilicate tetraester and aluminate triester in about 2.5:1 mole ratio, via rapid addition of about 0.4 to 5 moles of water per molecular equivalent of total ester groups, and drying at not over about 275.degree. C. is an effective catalyst for vapor phase reaction of cyclohexanone, ammonia and oxygen to form cyclohexanone oxime. This oxime can be rearranged to caprolactam, the starting material for nylon-6.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for storing energy by use of the heat of fusion of hydrated salts which are within a bulk container having heat exchange means. The process prevents stratification and supercooling from occurring during the heat releasing cycles by internally circulating the molten salt within the container and also by preventing the temperature of the salt from rising above that at which complete melting of the salt crystals within the container occurs.

Abstract: A plurality of bottles (125) or other containers are delivered and aligned under a plurality of filler heads (110) each having a liquid feed channel (113) extending vertically downward to outwardly opening apertures (119) and also an inert gas feed channel (116) extending vertically downward to a lower end (117) below the apertures (119). The bottles (125) are moved upward (134) and chemicals are delivered into the bottles (125) through the liquid feed channel (113) and apertures (119). When the liquid level (127) of each bottle reaches the lower end (117), the back pressure in the inert gas feed channel (116) is sensed (123) and the liquid flow is shut off (120). Contamination of the bottles by particulates is minimized since no moving parts are required above the level of the bottles and because no contact is required between the filler heads and the bottles.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, acetone and cyclopentane have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents to remove polymeric binders containing inks, such as carbon black which are used in copy machines.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, acetone and n-hexane have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents to remove polymeric binders containing inks, such as carbon black which are used in copy machines.

Abstract: New fluorinated benzenesulfonate diacetylene compositions are described which are useful in time-temperature devices for monitoring the shelf-lives of perishable articles. The compositions are solid-state polymerizable by thermal annealing or exposure to actinic or high energy ionizing radiation. Some of the compositions, in addition, exhibit relatively longer polymerization induction periods, compared to other known diacetylene compositions, and an "autocatalytic" effect upon polymerization during which a rapid color change occurs. These characteristics are extremely useful in monitoring situations which require a striking color change as an indication that a particular time-temperature history profile, e.g. shelf-life, has expired.

Abstract: Substituted and unsubstituted phenols, catechols and orthobenzoquinones are converted to muconic acid mononitriles by reaction with copper(II)-ammonia reagent. The copper(II)-ammonia reagents can be prepared by the reaction of cuprous chloride with oxygen or air in liquid ammonia or in ammonium hydroxide or in pyridine followed by addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. The muconic acid mononitriles are useful as monomers or comonomers and as intermediates in the manufacture of substituted and unsubstituted 6-aminocaproic acids, caprolactams and polyamides.

Abstract: A quench system for spinning multifilament synthetic fiber using a fog in the quench stack is disclosed. The system and method comprisea. spinning synthetic multifilament fiber from the molten synthetic polymer through a spinnerette into a quench stack,b. quenching the freshly spun fiber in the quench stack with a combination of flowing air and airless atomized water in the form of a fog, andc. taking up the fiber onto a wound package,d. while controlling the air flow, controlling the formation of the fog, and removing any excess water droplets formed in the quench stack.

Abstract: An improved process and device are described, for monitoring time-temperature histories of perishable articles, utilizing an inactive form of a diacetylene compound, incapable of undergoing a color change upon thermal annealing, but capable of conversion to an active form upon contacting an activating vapor. The active form is capable of undergoing a color change upon thermal annealing, as a result of solid state polymerization wherein the resulting color change is representative of the time-temperature history of thermal annealing. Specific active and inactive forms of diacetylenes useful in the improved process and device are also described.

Abstract: An improved process for nitrite production is based on controlled oxidation of nitric oxide in a mixture of nitrogen oxides and oxygen. Oxidized gas is absorbed into an aqueous solution containing a basically reacting ammonium or alkali metal compound to produce nitrite and unabsorbed exit gas. The mole ratio of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) in the unabsorbed exit gas is maintained within a range between 0.8 and 1.2 by either recycling a selected fraction of oxidized gas through the oxidizer or by selectively splitting the inlet stream to the oxidizer. Increased product yield as well as reduced NO.sub.x emissions are achieved as a result.

Abstract: Certain metals, and especially uranium, are recovered from an organic solvent by stripping with an aqueous solution containing polymeric phosphates under conditions in which the polymeric phosphate does not quickly hydrolize and metal preferentially dissolves in the aqueous solution. The metal may then be recovered from the aqueous solution by hydrolizing the polymeric phosphates and either precipitating the metal or reextracting the metal at higher concentrations with an organic solvent containing extractants.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for planar flow casting of metal ribbon. The apparatus comprises a movable chill surface, a reservoir for holding molten metal and a slotted nozzle whose lips are located close to the chill surface. In operation, molten metal is forced through the nozzle onto the chill surface to form a melt puddle. Rapid cooling of the molten metal results in the formation of a continuous ribbon. Ribbon contour is controlled through the use of nozzle designs that provide reproducible configuration of the melt puddle and reduce turbulent air flow over the molten metal surface.

Abstract: A seat belt retractor including a locking member, a release member to move the locking member out of its locked position and a web clamp which is engageable with seat belt webbing on the retractor to limit the spooling effect. A handle actuated mechanism actuates the release member to unlock the retractor and renders the clamp ineffective, whereby the retractor is rendered free spooling.

Abstract: A process is described for the heterogeneous hydrogenation of fluorine-containing alkyl, cycloalkyl, and benzene carboxylic acids to the corresponding primary alcohols. The hydrogenation can be carried out in the liquid or vapor phase in the presence of a solid rhodium or iridium catalyst, employed as the metal, metallic oxide, or mixture thereof. In the liquid phase, the hydrogenation can be carried out batchwise under mild conditions of temperature and pressure, preferably at about 50.degree.-150.degree. C. and about 5-15 atmospheres, in an atmosphere containing hydrogen gas. A preferred embodiment is the hydrogenation of trifluoroacetic acid in the liquid phase to 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, said alcohol being useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of the anesthetic, isoflurane, CF.sub.3 CHClOCHF.sub.2.