Abstract: A coating composition and process have been developed to provide an activated coating on nickel screen for use as cathodes in electrolytic cells for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen. Compared to the earlier Classical Pack Cementation process, the disclosed process is less expensive, reduces processing time from 20 hours to a few minutes, eliminates dusts and toxic gases, and provides improved performance in cells for hydrogen and oxygen generation. The coating is characterized by the presence of two activated layers with a high surface area, a multitude of fissures and a nickel to aluminum weight ratio greater than 20/1 in the top layer and greater than 4/1 in the bottom layer adjacent to the nickel substrate.

Abstract: A coating composition and process have been developed to provide an activated coating on nickel screen for use as cathodes in electrolytic cells for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen. Compared to the earlier Classical Pack Cementation process, the disclosed process is less expensive, reduces processing time from 20 hours to a few minutes, eliminates dusts and toxic gases, and provides improved performance in cells for hydrogen and oxygen generation. The coating is characterized by the presence of two activated layers with a high surface area, a multitude of fissures and a nickel to aluminum weight ratio greater than 20/1 in the top layer and greater than 4/1 in the bottom layer adjacent to the nickel substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of activated metal, particularly activated tinplate, and the activated metal itself. The activated metal is highly reactive with oxygen and can be used as a pyrophoric decoy material or as a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the encapsulation of pyrophoric materials in a high temperature resistant membrane having at least one perforation which allows air to contact the pyrophoric material. By controlling the accessibility of the pyrophoric material to the surrounding air, it is possible to reduce the kinetics of the oxidation reaction without affecting the thermodynamics of the reaction. This results in a product that demonstrates a lower peak temperature, longer dwell time at the lower temperature and, in most cases, an increase in the total heat energy output in comparison to an identical pyrophoric material that is not so encapsulated.

Abstract: A pyrophoric coating formed by leaching aluminum from an aluminide coated web in which the aluminide coating was formed on or into the web by an exothermic and diffusion reaction of a powder containing aluminum and chromium with or without a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel or cobalt and in which the weight ratio of chromium to aluminum is at least 1:50 but no more than about 1:4.

Abstract: A masking composition, which serves to prevent diffusion of one metal into selected areas of a substrate of another metal when said composition is applied to said selected areas, comprises a suspension of a masking powder in an aqueous solution comprising water and water soluble alcohol in which is dissolved polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Aluminum coatings to reduce corrosion of steels and the like, are very effective when applied by pack diffusion below 1000.degree.F using a retort cup not over fifteen inches high, with anhydrous or hydrated energizer in a layer on top of the pack and out of contact with the workpieces. Such diffusion coatings are more uniform than corresponding coatings made with the pack energizer in a set of porous containers imbedded in the pack, even when using a retort not over 15 inches high and the porous containers are grouped together separately from all the workpieces. Keeping workpieces away from above and below the porous containers helps. Aluminum diffusion can also be effected from continuous coatings of leafing-type aluminum particles and such leafing coatings in very thin layers are more effective than coatings of non-leafing aluminum, with or without diffusion.

Abstract: In the pack diffusion coating of chromium into the surface of a superalloy, the formation of undesirable oxide inclusion is reduced when the diffusion coating pack contains at least about 3% Ni.sub.3 Al. Also the formation of alpha-chromium is reduced when the pack diffusion is carried out in a retort effectively not over five inches in height. Pack aluminizing in the presence of chromium makes a very effective aluminum-and chromium-containing top coating over platinum plated or platinum coated nickel-base superalloys. Aluminized nickel can also have its aluminum attacked and at least partially removed with aqueous caustic to leave a very highly active catalytic surface. Pack diffusion can also be arranged to simultaneously provide different coatings in different locations by using different pack compositions in those locations. An aluminizing pack containing a large amount of chromium provides a thinner aluminized case than an aluminizing pack containing less chromium, or less chromium and some silicon.