Abstract: An assembly of electronic modules comprises electronic modules supported by a support structure. Each electronic module is in the form of electronic components stacked on at least two levels which are separated by an intermediate layer. Each electronic module comprises at least one hole formed in the intermediate layer. The support structure comprises at least one rod element that is introduced into respective holes of successive modules.

Abstract: Optical pulses carrying information to be conveyed are routed, for each pulse, by the intensity of the pulse. The pulses may be solitons. The invention is particularly applicable to long distance communications.

Abstract: A method to realize synchronization in a receiver (RX), of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX). The method includes the following steps:in the receiver (RX) generating trigger signals (T) from the signal (SIG) available in the receiversending the trigger signals (T) from the receiver (RX) to the transmitter (TX); andupon receipt of the trigger signals (T) by the transmitter (TX) sending the data (DAT) from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX).

Abstract: A wavelength converter is disclosed having a Sagnac interferometer (NOLM, nonlinear optical loop mirror) as its essential part. In order that the wavelength converter can also be used for NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero) signals, it has a 3.times.3 coupler (2) with six ports (6-11).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of operating a broadband link for the exchange of data (DAT) between a mobile terminal (MS) and a network-side mobile radio facility (MSC), as well as the mobile terminal (MS), the network-side mobile radio facility (MSC) and a mobile radio system. Two or more radio channels to the mobile terminal (MS) are established and assigned as subchannels (C1 to CN) to the broadband link. The data (DAT) are then transmitted via the subchannels (C1 to CN) between a terminal-side entity (ENMT) and a network-side entity (ENNET) of a communications layer (L2), where the entities (ENMT, ENNET) exchange the data (DAT) as data packets (FRDAT1, FRDAT2) in accordance with a transmission protocol, and control the distribution of the stream of data packet to the subchannels (C1 to CN) as well as its recombination. The protocol (PROT) defines and supports two or more different packet types for transportation of the data.

Abstract: A protection system for a three-phase distribution transformer immersed in a liquid dielectric contained in a tank, at least two of the three phases being equipped on the high voltage side of the transformer with respective current-limiting fuses. On each of the two phases equipped with current-limiting fuses, a protective micro-fuse is also connected in series with the current-limiting fuses and which operates faster than the current-limiting fuse. In addition, each micro-fuse is associated with a striker which, in turn, is connected to a mechanical trigger system which causes a three-phase short-circuiting device connected across the three phases to close in the event of a micro-fuse operating. Furthermore, the system includes at least one fault detector detecting one of pressure in the tank or the level of the dielectric. In particular, the three-phase short-circuiting device is situated on the high voltage side of the transformer between the current-limiting fuses and the high voltage windings.

Abstract: A circuit-breaker including main contacts and arcing contacts includes a shaft carrying a first lever connected to the moving main contact. A hub is mounted inside the shaft and carries a second lever connected to the moving arcing contact; the shaft and the hub being shaped over a certain portion into two sectors between which a spring is disposed. A single control causes the shaft to rotate so that the shaft firstly causes the hub to rotate via the spring, the shaft and the hub rotating respectively causing the moving main contact and the moving arcing contact to move, and the shaft secondly rotates to a further extent, with the hub being prevented from rotating by action from an abutment. This arrangement makes it possible to implement a simple synchronization of the main contacts opening before the arcing contacts.

Abstract: A gas-blast circuit-breaker includes a jacket filled with a dielectric gas. A mobile arc contact cooperates with a fixed arc contact within the jacket. The mobile arc contact is part of a mobile contact assembly which is displaceable axially in the jacket between a closed position and an open position. The mobile contact assembly includes a first tube carrying the mobile arc contact and a second tube, which is coaxial with the first tube, carrying a mobile permanent contact with a gas blast nozzle coupled thereto. A ring joins the first tube and the second tube to define a gas-blast chamber and a compression chamber on opposite sides of the ring. The compression chamber communicates with the gas-blast chamber. An annular piston having an annular recess closes the compression chamber. A compression spring influences the annular piston against a fixed front stop.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stack device comprising a stack of gate turnoff thyristors GTO, of freewheel diodes DRL, and of diodes D, for a semiconductor circuit, said stack device including power supply electrical connection terminals +HT and -HT, and an output terminal PM, together with electrical connection terminals Cs and Cc between said diodes Ds and Dc and a protection circuit P, wherein the geometrical organization of the wiring of said electrical connection terminals +HT, PM, and -HT is predetermined so as to enable the disposition of said thyristors GTO and of said freewheel diodes in said stack to be modified in order to obtain different electrical functions for the semiconductor circuit.

Abstract: A method of performing cellular digital radiocommunications in a TDMA system implemented within a network of geographical cells through which mobile stations (SM1 to SM22) travel, a base station being associated with each of the cells, a mobile station communicating via the base station that is associated with the cell in which the mobile station is located. Each each of the frames in the up transmission direction, from the mobile stations to the base station, contain at least one shared time slot (IT6) which is allocated to at least two distinct mobile stations (SM7 to SM22). For each shared time slot (IT6), the system has a list (31) of the active mobile stations, an active mobile station being a mobile station to which the shared time slot is allocated, and which satisfies at least one predetermined selection criterion.

Abstract: A motor bogie includes a bogie chassis and a crossbeam. The crossbeam pivots about a vertical axis relative to the bogie chassis, bears on a side friction block and is rotationally coupled by links to a body mounted on the motor bogie. An additional coupling is provided between the chassis and the body by an anti-yaw damper.

Abstract: An optical cable has a core containing optical fibers, non-metallic peripheral reinforcements to armor the cable and a thermoplastics material outer sheath. It is fabricated by a method including successive steps of applying reinforcements to the core, extruding the sheath over the reinforcements and cooling the cable. The reinforcements are extruded onto the core as it moves through a first extruder. The combination of the core and the reinforcements is then cooled in a first cooling tank. The sheath is extruded in a second extruder downstream of the first, after which the cable is cooled in a second cooling tank downstream of the first.

Abstract: An electric and/or optical submarine cable arrangement which bridges the weight/strength gap that exists between armoured and unarmoured cable. A stranded armour layer (6) comprises alternate strands of steel wire (7) and polymeric filler (8). Such a cable has sufficient strength to support a section of heavy armoured cable joined to it during laying in water of a depth exceeding 2 km, but light enough that an unarmoured cable can support it in deep water.

Abstract: The unconventional measurement transformer for protection and/or measurement equipment of a three-phase electricity grid delivers digital information representative of a voltage or of a current of an electricity line by making use of optical sensors that are provided in sufficient number to achieve a certain amount of redundancy in the measurement paths. The output paths of the optical sensors are processed by digital processing means to validate said voltage or current digital information by a majority vote. Advantage is taken of features specific to three-phase high voltage and to the performance of such optical sensors to reduce the number of optical sensors required in an unconventional measurement transformer to obtain a degree of redundancy.

Abstract: A resonator (1) for electromagnetic waves with a stabilizer can, for example, be part of a mode-coupled fiber laser. The stabilizer (2) is provided to stabilize the effective length of the resonator (1). Stabilization is accomplished in a first embodiment via two temperature controllers (3, 4) controlling the temperature of a first portion (L1) and the temperature of a second portion (L2) of the resonator (1). The temperature of the second portion (L2) is controlled as a function of an error signal generated by deviations of the resonator (1) from a nominal length. The second portion (L2) is significantly shorter than the first portion (L1).

Abstract: An integrated optoelectronic semiconductor component is presented, which can equally process light signals of any polarization direction. Such semiconductor components are used for digital optical telecommunications. The semiconductor component has active (A) and passive (B) waveguide sections, which comprise a number of semiconductor layers (SP) with so-called multiple quantum well structures. The semiconductor layers (SP) are deposited by a process known as selective area growth (SAG). A portion of the semiconductor layers has a lattice constant which is smaller than the lattice constant of a substrate (SUB). This creates a biaxial tensile strain in these layers. The tensile strain is optimized in the active waveguide sections (A) to attain polarization independence. Furthermore a process is described whereby such a semiconductor component can be manufactured.

Abstract: The method consists in: i) making a series of recordings of the density of the gas at regular time intervals during a nighttime period by means of a temperature-compensated pressure sensor fixed on the outside of the envelope and communicating with the gas via a duct formed through the thickness of the envelope; ii) processing the density recordings of the gas acquired during the nighttime period in hourly intervals, each hourly interval giving rise to an hourly mean value for the density of the gas; iii) processing the hourly mean values obtained at the end of each hourly interval to give a daily mean value for the density of the gas at the end of the nighttime period; and iv) determining the leakage rate from the envelope by taking the difference between mean densities obtained at the ends of two different nighttime periods.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a finite impulse response digital filter includes a phase of calculating the impulse response g(t) of an analog filter the transfer function of which is defined by a predetermined bandwidth B, shape factor SF and out-band attenuation level A. The coefficients of the digital filter are extracted by sampling the resulting impulse response. The calculation phase consists in expanding the impulse response into an integer number M of Hermite functions predetermined in accordance with the shape factor SF. The coefficient extraction phase includes sampling of the expanded impulse response after the calculation phase in a time window the duration of which is dependent on the out-band attenuation level A using a sampling period At that is dependent on the bandwidth B.

Abstract: A coupling is presented for coupling two electromagnetic hollow conductors (waveguides) with different cross-sectional shapes. The coupling includes steps (S1-S3) arranged sequentially in the axial direction, having an essentially rectangular cross section and rounded corners as well as different clearances. The dimensions of all steps (S1-S3) are purposely designed so that other modes in addition to the basic mode are able to propagate therein. Because of the dimensions of coupling (3), only modes intended to conduct signals propagate in the joined waveguides, while those which are not intended to conduct signals are essentially cancelled by superposition.

Abstract: A device and a method are disclosed for direct current voltage power supply to a traction system by means of converters from different alternating current or direct current voltages available on a power supply line. The power supply device is supplied with power by means of a first power supply element and a second power supply element connected to the power supply line. In this supply device the first power supply element is connected to the primary winding of the power supply transformer by a first connection element. The second power supply element is connected either to the power supply terminal of the traction system or to the mid-point of the series converters by a second connection element.