Abstract: A light diffuser includes a light scattering element particularly useful for ornamental and decorative purposes. The light scattering element has macroscopic chaotically or quasi-chaotically formed refracting planes and/or reflection planes. The light scattering element further includes a casing filled with a liquid medium. The light scattering element further includes a flexible material with macroscopic chaotically or quasi-chaotically formed exterior surfaces. The light diffuser includes viscous prisms that cause diffractions and refractions with light, interferences such as superposition of light waves, highly varied polarizations, dispersions and beam concentrations.

Abstract: A method of microfiltration, ultrafiltration and pervaporation, which also can be utilized for reverse osmosis of suspensions and emulsions, and for gas separation including providing a tubular membrane wound of wire and having a plurality of windings, the distance between windings establishing filter pores, passing a desired material between the windings to filter the material to a desired pore size and exerting a desired axial pressure on the membrane windings to adjust the distance between windings and the pore size to a predetermined amount.