Abstract: Coupling frames (CF) for smartcards (SC) having contactless capability. Openings (MO) for transponder chip modules (TCM) may have various non-rectangular shapes. Slits in the coupling frames may have various shapes, and may extend from anywhere in the opening to anywhere on the periphery (outer edge) of the coupling frame. The slit may be filled. A slit area of the coupling frame may be reinforced. The coupling frame may be one or more metal layers in the card. The slits of two coupling frames may have different shapes than one another. The coupling frame may constitute the entire card body. The coupling frame may be smaller than the overall card body.

Abstract: A wireless connection is established between at least two electronic modules (M1, M2) disposed separate from one another in a smartcard having a coupling frame so that the two modules may communicate (signals, data) with each other. The two modules may each have module antennas (MA-1, MA-2), and may be disposed in respective two openings (MO-1, MO-2) of a coupling frame (CF). A coupling antenna (CPA) having two coupler coils (CC-1, CC-2) disposed close to the two modules antennas of the two modules. The coupling antenna may have only the two coupler coils (CC-1, CC-2), connected with one another, without the peripheral card antenna (CA) component of a conventional booster antenna (BA). Energy harvesting is disclosed.