Abstract: A constellation of many satellites and associated ground stations provide communication service to user terminals. These devices use modulation techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to send large quantities of data. For transmission, a power amplifier increases the amplitude of a waveform modulated in this way. The power amplifier operates more efficiently closer to saturation. However, operation at saturation results in nonlinear distortion, producing unwanted signals and increasing bit error rate. A set of techniques are used to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the waveform provided to the power amplifier. A distortionless technique remaps blocks of bits to reduce the resulting PAPR of that block. Additional techniques may also be progressively applied to reduce PAPR while minimizing adverse consequences such as in-band distortion, out of band emissions, increased bit error rate, and so forth.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for accelerating page rending times. In some embodiments, an intermediary proxy device may be utilized to accelerate page rending times experienced at an application operating at a user device. The intermediary proxy device may perform operations such as obtaining, on behalf of the application, first webpage content and second webpage content for a webpage, the first webpage content being obtained from the web server. In some embodiments, the intermediate proxy device may execute third-party code to obtain the second webpage content from a third party. In some embodiments, the intermediary proxy device may modify the second webpage content obtained from the content server from a first format to a second format the first webpage content and the second webpage content as modified to the application. The application may then perform one or more operations to present data at a display of the user device.

Abstract: A proof-of-work system where a first party (e.g., a client computer system) may request access to a computing resource. A second party (e.g., a service provider) may determine a challenge that may be provided to the first party. A valid solution to the challenge may be generated and provided for the request to be fulfilled. The challenge may include a message and a seed, such that the seed may be used at least in part to cryptographically derive information that may be used to generate a solution to the challenge. A hash tree may be generated as of generating the solution.