Abstract: An electric fence controller (20) interconnected to electric fence terminals (136, 138) by a three terminal spark gap arrangement (140) one terminal (142) being interconnected to the fence hot terminal (136), a second terminal (144) being interconnected to the fence ground terminal (138) and a third terminal (146) being interconnected to utility ground (48). High voltage surges on the electric fence will thus be diverted either to the local fence ground terminal (138) or to the utility ground (48) whichever ground has the least resistance to ground thereby assuring an effective ground so as to prevent damage due to lightning strikes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rail-type fence using electricity which includes a plurality of support posts between which are extended continuous electrical wires. The electrical wire is enclosed within and supports a conductive tubular rail. The wire is held against the inner wall of the tubular rail by end plugs and splices. An alternate embodiment of the rail-type fence includes a plurality of electrified wires positioned within the outer surface of the walls of a nonconductive tubular rail. In this embodiment, a conductive end plug transfers electricity from the electrical wire within the tubular rail to the electrified wires embedded in the rail's walls.

Abstract: An electric fence monitoring light including a storage device adapted to be coupled to the electric fence for storing energy pulses present on the fence and light emitting means responsive to the energy storage device to emit a pulse of light at a repetition frequency which is sensitive to voltage values of the energy pulses present on the electric fence.