Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for remediating contaminated soil having volatilizable organic pollutants in a heated treatment zone, preferably a rotary drum, in gas/solids contact with superheated steam. Treatment gases from the treatment zone are repressurized and reheated for reuse in the treatment zone. Superheated steam is maintained in a closed loop and is maintained at superheated conditions. Vaporized organic pollutants and superheated steam are removed from the closed loop of superheated steam for cooling and condensation to condense water and condense liquid volatilizable organic pollutants and uncondensed organic pollutant vapors.

Abstract: A novel and improved method is provided for treatment of materials contaminated with environmentally significant amounts of volatile and semi-volatile organic pollutants, the method including the essential steps of fluidization, acidification, and filtration of a contaminated solids material to yield a first treated solids product; recycling of the first treated solids product and admixture of the recycled first treated solids product with additional contaminated solids product; and continuously subjecting a mixture of first treated solids product and contaminated solids product to fluidization, acidification, filtration, recycling, and admixture until a product exhibiting predetermined characteristics is produced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating sludges that have resulted from chemical treatment of sulfuric acid wastes with lime are shown. The sludges are subjected to fluidization, dilution, and acidification to solubilize solids, clarification to concentrate solids for reacidification and produce a supernatant for carbon adsorption to remove organics and color, with regeneration of spent carbon including incineration of solids, and finally incineration of the spent carbon and all other remaining unsolubilized solids.

Abstract: Mixed disulfoanthraquinonemono-, di-, or polycarboxylic acids produced by the direct sulfonation of an anthraquinone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1-4 and each R is independently selected from alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms and chlorine with at least one R being alkyl and with the proviso that substitution in a single ring is limited to mono, di- or tri-substitution and substitution in two rings is limited to mono or di-substitution in each ring.The mixed disulfoanthraquinonemono-, di-, or polycarboxylic acids have exceptional utility in the Stretford Process.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxyanthraquinones from the corresponding nitroanthraquinones is provided. A nitroanthraquinone is reacted with a metal salt selected from sodium formate, potassium formate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, in a specific reaction medium at a reaction temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the nitroanthraquinone to the corresponding hydroxyanthraquinone.

Abstract: Cationic yellow methine dyes represented by the structure: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl or cyanoalkyl, said alkyl being of 1-4 carbons;R.sup.2 is H, Cl, Br or NO.sub.2 ;R.sup.3 is H or CH.sub.3 ; andn is 2 or 3;Q is N(CH.sub.3).sub.3, ##STR2## where R.sup.4 is alkyl of 1-4 carbons, benzyl, monochlorobenzyl or monobromobenzyl; andA is an anion.The dyes are particularly useful in the dyeing of unbleached paper pulp and have excellent substantivity and desired fastness properties.

Abstract: Azo compounds of the formula: ##STR1## are provided where A is a diazotizable aromatic hydrocarbon and X is hydrogen or lower alkyl. The compounds dye synthetic fibers, particularly nylon and polyester, and wool in strong yellow to red hues of outstanding brightness and build-up. The dyeings have excellent fastness properties.

Abstract: Concentrated solutions of a direct dye having, in the free acid form the formula: ##STR1## are described. The solutions contain 10-30% (by weight) of the dye, 5-20% of one or more specifically defined bases; 0-5% of alkali metal cations; and 45-85% water and have a lower viscosity and solvent to dye ratio than solutions of the dye of similar strength prepared according to prior art methods. The solutions are prepared by isolating the diazonium salt of p- (p-aminophenyl)azo benzenesulfonic acid then coupling the diazo into J-Acid.

Abstract: Cationic azo dyes useful for dyeing paper pulp and characterized by their outstanding affinity for paper pulp, both under waterleaf and sized dyeing conditions, are provided. The dyes have the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, Q, X and n are specifically defined.

Abstract: Cationic disazo dyes useful for dyeing paper pulp and characterized by outstanding affinity for paper pulp, both under waterleaf and sized dyeing conditions, are provided. The dyes have the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, n, Q and X are specifically defined.

Abstract: Effluent which contains aryl azo- and/or aryl nitro-containing compounds is treated to remove the color by contacting the effluent with Fe(II) in the presence of iron at a temperature and for a time sufficient to cause reduction of the aryl azo and aryl nitro groups of the effluent. Effluent containing metallized compounds may be treated in the same manner and then subjected to alkaline neutralization to remove the metal from the effluent.

Abstract: Acyldihydroxybenzene azo compounds of the formula ##STR1## are provided where A represents a benzene radical which is unsubstituted or mono, di, or trisubstituted or a naphthalene radical which is unsubstituted or mono or disubstituted with any of alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1-4 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro or halogen and R is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl. The compounds when applied to metallized polyolefin fabrics, particularly nickel-containing polypropylene fabrics, produce dyeings of strong bright shades which are exceptionally fast to light, dry cleaning, crocking, gas and heat.

Abstract: A process for preparing the compound, or dye, ##STR1## by forming aminoazobenzene employing a slight excess of sodium nitrite in the diazotization of aniline and, without isolation, diazotizing the monoazo base and coupling the diazonium salt into phenol.

Abstract: Metal-modified polypropylene textile material dyed with azomethine dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which A is phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl substituted by up to 3 substituents or naphthyl substituted by up to 2 substituents; B is salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde or salicylaldehyde or o-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde substituted by up to 2 substituents and C is 2-aminopyridyl or 2-aminopyridyl substituted by up to 2 substituents. The dyeings have excellent fastness properties.

Abstract: Azo compounds of the formula ##STR1## are provided where A is a diazotiable aromatic hydrocarbon. In particular, A is an optionally substituted benzene or naphthalene nucleus and E is an optionally substituted pyridine nucleus. The compounds provide dyeings on synthetic fibers with excellent dyeing and fastness properties.

Abstract: A series of water soluble azo dyes for dyeing polyamide fiber material are provided by coupling an appropriate diazotized aminobenzene into an appropriately substituted N-alkyl-N-benzoxyethylarylamine. The dyes are characterized by the presence of one sulfonic acid group, either as the free acid or in salt form, and by the presence of a benzoate ester group. When dyed from an appropriate dye bath, these dyes produce dyeings on polyamide fiber material characterized by outstanding lightfastness and excellent transfer properties.

Abstract: Metal-containing polypropylene fibers dyed with monoazo 1-aryl-3-alkyl-5-pyrazolone compounds of the structure: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or lower alkoxy,R" is lower alkyl,X is hydrogen or halogen, andX' is hydrogen or halogenAre provided. The dyed metal-containing polypropylene fibers have bright yellowish hues of outstanding crock fastness, light fastness and fastness to dry cleaning solvents.

Abstract: Disazo dyes containing a benzthiazolyl group and corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## in which A and G are optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl, D is derived from an optionally substituted salicylaldehyde or o-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde and E is derived from an optionally substituted o-aminothiophenol are provided. Metal modified polypropylene dyed with the disazo dye has excellent fastness properties.

Abstract: Azo compounds containing a benzthiazolyl group and corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## are provided where A represents a radical derived from a diazotizable aromatic hydrocarbon; D is derived from an optionally substituted salicyaldehyde or o-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde and E is derived from an optionally substituted o-aminothiophenol. The compounds when applied to metallized polyolefin fabrics, particularly nickel-containing polypropylene fabrics, produce dyeings of strong bright shades which are exceptionally fast to light, dry cleaning and crocking.

Abstract: Bright greenish yellow dyes of excellent color value prepared by coupling a lower alkyl anthranilate into 1-phenyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-pyrazolone and having the formula: ##STR1## WHERE R and R.sub.1 are independently lower alkyl; X is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; Y is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl or nitro and a and b are integers of 1-2. This class of azo dyes, when appropriately dispersed, produces dyeings on aromatic polyester fabrics with excellent substantivity, outstanding sublimation fastness and good fastness to light. The dyes are applied to polyester, such as polyethyleneterephthalate, by carrier dyeing, pressure dyeing and thermofixation methods.