Abstract: A vibration isolator includes a housing forming an internal cavity, an elastomeric diaphragm within the internal cavity, the elastomeric diaphragm combining with a first end of the housing to form an air spring within the internal cavity, a mechanical spring in series with the air spring within the internal cavity; a mount in series with the mechanical spring opposite the air spring, an annular elastomeric stopper between a second end of the housing and the mount, wherein the mount and the annular elastomeric stopper combine to seal the second end of the housing to form a chamber within the internal cavity between the elastomeric diaphragm and the second end of the housing, and a plate seated on the mount within the chamber.

Abstract: A method for treating anal incontinence is provided, in which a support member is implanted in a tissue pathway extending from a first location posterior to and adjacent the anus, through the perineum anterior to the anus and terminating at a location posterior to and adjacent the anus opposite the first location.

Abstract: A method for treating anal incontinence is provided, in which a support member is implanted in a tissue pathway extending from a first location posterior to and adjacent the anus, through the perineum anterior to the anus and terminating at a location posterior to and adjacent the anus opposite the first location.

Abstract: A highly-sensitive, rapid response fluorescent probe is based on the affinity of a polymer matrix for an analyte of interest. The probe includes a polymer matrix and a dye immobilized in the matrix. The polymer matrix has an affinity for an analyte of interest and the dye has little or no sensitivity to the analyte of interest when excited by an excitation source in a free state but has significant sensitivity to the analyte of interest when excited by the excitation source when immobilized in the matrix. Sensors incorporating the polymer/fluorophore probes of the present invention have the sensitivity and rapid response needed for detection of chemical agent and biological materials. Sensors using the probes provide sensitivity to Sarin at several hundred parts per trillion in one second or less. That is a notable advance over state-of-the-art detectors that require preconcentration steps, which in turn restrict response times to one minute or more.

Abstract: Magnetic modules and a process for manufacturing magnetic modules are provided wherein magnetic material is deposited into one or more cavities patterned into a non-magnetic substrate die to form a plurality of magnetic cores. The patterned substrate board, which may be a composite of graphite, a composite of alumina or other non-magnetic ceramic, provides a surface for winding windows, inductor air gaps, isolations, and a mounting surface for other system components.

Abstract: An instrument for total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy having modular probe that inexpensively monitors vapors and liquid-phase analytes under field conditions is described. The system is particularly helpful in evaluating multiple analytes using the fluorescence of a material immobilized in a thin sorbent polymer coating. At the same time, the system is capable of monitoring trace quantities of analyte using a fluorescence-read immunological reaction. The device includes a diode laser source, a shaped optical element (which may be as simple as a microscope slide), and one or more amplified photodiode detectors. The shaped optical element propagates light from the diode laser in a series of internally reflective bounces.

Abstract: The present sensor allows the user of any diode laser structure to be employed to provide sensitive chemical and biological detector. A diode laser electrochemical sensor is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,407 “Laser Diode Sensor”. The present invention surpasses the capabilities of those sensors by measuring changes in the output power, output spectral characteristics or output signal auto-correlation function to detect the presence of chemical or biological films within the sensitive region.

Abstract: An optical fiber fluorescence sensor system capable of compensating fiber bending loss is provided. The system uses a modulated light-emitting diode and digital-signal processing chips to enhance the measurement of fluorescence signals. A fiber-optic oxygen sensor system suitable for measuring oxygen levels in gas and in aqueous media is provided. The system alleviates fiber bending loss. Detection of the signal-to-noise ratio of the system which exceeds 30 dB is done by using inexpensive components.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of triple-beam and triple-sensor in a laser speckle strain/deformation measurement system. The triple-beam/triple-camera configuration combined with sequential timing of laser beam shutters is capable of providing indications of surface strain and structure deformations. The strain and deformation quantities, the four variables of surface strain, in-plane displacement, out-of-plane displacement and tilt, are determined in closed form solutions.

Abstract: Optical chemical probes have layers of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes and one or more dyes incorporated into these layers. The probes are placed into the medium and the dye or dyes react in the presence of the corresponding chemical. Color changes may be observed manually or by a photo detector. A light source may be employed to increase the optical signal received from the probe. Further, a waveguide may be used to trap multiple optical signals. The invention is used for chemical analysis.

Abstract: The vibration and electrical characterization of a piezoelectric tactor actuator is described. The actuator is a rectangular laminated flat plate with two opposite sides simply supported and two others free. Under an axial compression from the supports, the plate deforms into a stressed shallow shell. Electrical high frequency harmonic signals within relatively low-frequency bursts are applied to the piezoelectric layers. Depending on the axial compression and pre-deflection, frequency and magnitude of electrical input, the tunable actuator exhibits frequency/mode-controlled high-force over large area vibrations with intense displacement jumps. A single-degree-of-freedom model and simplified 1-D models are provided. The tactor provides efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical.

Abstract: Modulated-structure polycrystalline or heteroepitaxial multilayers of PZT/PT ferroelectric thin films are deposited on a substrate, preferably by laser ablation. The laser ablation of the PZT/PT layers onto a prepared substrate occurs while maintaining the substrate at a temperature between 380.degree. C. to about 650.degree. C. The target source for the PZT/PT laser ablated film may be either bulk PZT and PT ceramics or powders or individual metal oxides or metal pellets. The ferroelectric thin film device may be used for a random access memory.

Abstract: A laser-based multi-axis position measurement unit measures position deviations in 5 axes while traversing a 6th linear axis. The apparatus includes three components: 1) a laser-beam unit which emits two parallel laser beams; 2) a sensor unit including at least three laser-position sensors, one of them being transparent; and 3) a microprocessor or computer unit which converts X,Y laser position data from the three sensors to displacements in 5 axes: X (horizontal), Y (vertical), Pitch (angular motion about the X axis), Yaw (angular motion about the Y axis), and Roll (angular motion about the line of travel). Readout of the 6th axis, the line of travel, is provided by means of a separate linear transducer or laser-based ranging system. The device includes an arrangement of three digital sensors on two parallel laser beams to deduce position in 5 axes.

Abstract: A precision positioning system is used for resurfacing and repairing rails and guideways of large, heavy machinery at users facilities. The system has new components, an entire machining system, a new alignment system, parallel platforms for tool support and surface scanning. A sectioned, portable monorail frame is held by fixed supports at the locus of a heavy machine requiring guideway straightening. Fixed guides extend along the outer surface of the monorail. Guide wheels and drive wheels contact the guides and support and move an outer tubular beam carriage. An assembly of machining tools is adjustably positioned on the carriage. Laser alignment sources and sensors are connected to the carriage and to heavy machines off-axis and parallel to the monorail. Intelligent controls precisely position the tools for resurfacing the rails and guideways. Scanning and a printout of machine guideway accuracy, before and after the operation, provide written verification of quality improvement.

Abstract: A-compact, diode laser-based sensor has applications in biological and chemical analysis. Unlike existing optical waveguide-based sensors, no external coupling to external optical fibers or waveguides is required to perform optical chemical, immunological or nucleic acid-based assay or to detect the presence of toxic or otherwise important chemicals. The sensor includes a surface-sensitive diode laser having a substrate layer, an n-contact layer positioned on a bottom surface of the substrate, an n-clad layer overlying the top surface of the substrate, a first guide layer overlying the n-clad layer, a quantum well layer overlying the first guide layer, a second guide layer overlying the first quantum well layer, a p-clad layer overlying the second guided layer and a p-doped cap layer overlying the p-clad layer. A pair of electrodes separated by a surface-sensitive region is positioned on the cap layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and its accompanying method measures fluorescence decay, fluorescence amplitude and fluorescence polarization. The instrument includes a light emitting diode or laser diode light source, an amplified photodiode detector, and electronics and software for calculating the phase of the fluorescence from the computed inner product of the scattering and fluorescence signals. The electronics for measuring fluorescence decay includes two signal synthesizers, two downconverters, a simultaneously sampling analog-to-digital converter and means for calculating the inner product of the downconverted waveforms. A signal source, preferably a direct digital synthesizer, is used in combination with a digital-to-analog converter to provide a controllable output signal. That signal drives a modulatable light source, which is a light emitting diode, a laser diode or a combination of the two. Excitation light from the light source excites the sample fluorophore which is immobilized in a solid material.

Abstract: Fluorescence measuring methods and apparatus use planar optical waveguides to excite fluorescence in the evanescent field of the waveguides and photodetectors to sense the fluorescence produced. Chemically sensitive fluorophores are bound to the evanescent regions of the planar optical waveguides. Substrates support the waveguides. Photodetectors, positioned in the substrates with fields of view normal to the waveguides, detect the fluorescence. Wavelength-selective material coating surfaces of the photodetectors allow fluorescence to be detected while restricting entry of light at the excitation wavelengths. The photodetectors have high aspect ratios for detection of fluorescence generated by the optical waveguides. Preferably, the photodetectors are closely coupled to the fluorescence generated in the evanescent field of the waveguide.

Abstract: A refreshable braille cell display uses a single moving part per tactile element. Tactile elements, formed from stainless steel tubing, are assembled in densely arranged modules. Lower ends of the tactile elements extend beneath the modules and are in contact with a pressurized medium. Shape memory alloy actuators are positioned in the tactile elements, isolated from any motion or flow in the pressurized medium. When a pressurized medium is delivered through a port in a tactile element, the actuator extends upward, thereby forcing the upper portion of the tactile element through a hole in the user contact surface. In that state the tactile element indicates information. When the tactile element is activated, current flows from an electrical contact at the lower end of the tactile element, through the actuator, and into the outer tube of the tactile element. The actuator heats, due to electrical resistance, contracts and exerts a downward force on the pressure medium.

Abstract: A method for developing large area highly oriented polycrystalline ferroelectric thin films using spin-on sol-gel deposition and laser crystallization techniques that allow for precise control of temperature distribution. The present invention improves quality, reliability, performance and cost effective production of ferroelectric non-volatile random access memory (FNVRAM) on thermally sensitive silicon and gallium arsenide semiconductor substrates compatible with very large scale integrated circuit technologies. The method is time effective, as crystallization is performed in three seconds as compared to thirteen hours in a conventional furnace for 1 cm.times.1 cm wafer. In addition, crystallization of the film is further achieved without exposing the underneath device structure to detrimental high temperature annealing conditions.

Abstract: A highly sensitive surface plasmon waveguide sensor monitors the refractive index and thickness of thin adsorbed films. The sensor includes an optical waveguide formed by ion-exchange in a glass substrate, by selective densification of substrate material or by the incorporation of high refractive index materials during deposition of a dielectric layer. Two dielectric thin films are deposited on top of the waveguide. The layer closest to the waveguide has a lower refractive index than the guiding layer to form a buffer layer. The second dielectric layer, or tuning layer, has a higher refractive index. The tuning and buffer layers allow optimization of the resonance wavelength, full-width half maximum of the resonance wavelength range and amplitude of the resonance. The tuning layer is coated with a thin metallic layer, to effect surface plasmon resonance, such as gold, silver, aluminum or one or more semiconducting materials.