Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in waste/exhaust gas by using ammonia provides by heating one or more salts of formula Ma(NH3)nXz, wherein M represents one or more cations selected from alkaline earth metals and transition metals, X represents one or more anions, a represents the number of cations per salt molecule, z represents the number of anions per salt molecule, and n is a number of from 2 to 12, the one or more salts having been compressed to a bulk density above 70% of the skeleton density before use thereof.

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source may be arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.

Abstract: A compacted block of material constructed of one or more units consisting of matter comprising an ammonia-saturated material capable of reversibly desorbing and ad- or absorbing ammonia surrounded by a gas-permeable enclosure made of a flexible material having a thermal conductivity of at least about five times the thermal conductivity of said ammonia-saturated material at ?70° C. to 250° C. and methods for producing the same are described.

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source may be arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.

Abstract: A compacted block of material constructed of one or more units consisting of matter comprising an ammonia-saturated material capable of reversibly desorbing and ad- or absorbing ammonia surrounded by a gas-permeable, flexible material having a thermal conductivity of at least five times the thermal conductivity of said ammonia-saturated material at ?70° C. to 250° C. and methods for producing the same are described.

Abstract: A method for controlling the effective heat transfer from a storage unit (1). During gas release from storage material (3) in the storage unit the storage material is heated by a heater (2). During re-saturation of the storage material (3) with gas the heater is off. Controlling of the effective heat transfer from the storage unit (1) is performed, during gas release, by ceasing convection of a convection gas and, during re-saturation, by performing or enabling convection of a convection gas to cool the storage unit (1).

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-supporting solid compacted composition of material comprising an ammonia storage material capable of reversibly absorbing and desorbing ammonia in its ammonia saturated state and compacted to such a density that it has of at least 70% of the single crystal density of said material in its ammonia-saturated state in admixture with one or more additive incapable of storing ammonia and having a thermal conductivity of at least five times the thermal conductivity of the ammonia storage material at a temperature of from at least ?45° C. to 250° C., as well as a process for preparing it.

Abstract: A method of reducing the friction between the wall(s) of a mold and the outer wall(s) of a metal container fitting snugly in the mold and containing a metal ammine complex salt which is uniaxially compacted within the container, comprises a) treating or covering the inner wall(s) of the container with a lubricant before the metal ammine salt is filled into the container, or b) mixing a solid lubricant with the metal ammine salt to be filled into the container is, or c) treating or covering a gas-permeable enclosure made of a flexible material and wrapped around the solid metal ammine salt with a lubricant before the solid metal ammine salt wrapped into the envelope is filled into the container, or a combination of a) and b) or a) and c). A lubricated container and a lubricated enclosure each containing a metal ammine salt is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for controlled dosing of a gas with fluctuating supply pressure (PSupply). Dosing of the gas through a valve (6) is performed while a valve (5) is closed, and the decrease in control-volume pressure (PCV) is recorded. The control-volume pressure (PCV) is raised by closing dosing valve (6) and opening the valve (5). The amount of the dosed gas is calculated based on the known volume (VCV) of the control volume (4) and at least one of the change in control-volume pressure (PCV) and control-volume temperature (TCV) in the period where valve (5) is closed. The amount of dosed gas is compared with a target or set-point to adjust or regulate the subsequent dosing period or dosing event.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating the degree of saturation (S) of a reversible solid ammonia storage material (3) in a storage unit (1). The storage unit (1) is equipped with a heater (2) to release ammonia and a connected tube (4) for ammonia flow. The initial temperature (TINIT) is measured with a sensor (9) in or around the storage unit (1) before any heating is initiated. Heating is initiated while recording the active time of heating (t) or the amount of energy (Q) released by the heater. The desorption pressure created by solid storage material in the storage unit (1) is measured via a pressure sensor (8) in fluid communication with the storage unit (1). The time (tTARGET), or the heat (QTARGET) where the pressure reaches a certain target pressure (PTARGET) is recorded. The values of the target-pressure time (tTARGET), or the target-pressure heat (QTARGET), and the initial temperature (TINIT) are used to compute an approximate degree of saturation (S).

Abstract: A method of saturating reversible ammonia storage materials inside a container for the purpose of achieving high volumetric ammonia storage capacity and containers filled with the materials are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of storing and delivering ammonia and the use of electromagnetic radiation for desorption of ammonia from a chemical complex. Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NOx in exhaust gases. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH3)nXz, where M2+ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges). Ammonia is released non-thermally by photon-activation using electromagnetic irradiation of the complex bond between ammonia coordinated to the metal ion.

Abstract: In a method of storing and releasing gaseous ammonia from solid storage materials a first solid storage material (14) capable of releasing ammonia by desorption in a first container (10) and a second solid storage material (24) capable of ad- or absorbing ammonia reversibly and having a higher affinity for ammonia than the first storage material (14) in a second container (20) smaller than said first container (10) are in fluid communication. The pressure in at least the first container (10) is kept below the equilibrium pressure between ammonia and the storage material contained therein by means of a pump (28).

Abstract: A system for storage and dosing of ammonia, including a solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system is able to release ammonia gradually according to a demand that can vary over time with intermediate periods of no ammonia demand. A main storage unit and a start-up storage unit are provided. The storage units hold ammonia storage material. At least one one-way valve is provided via which the one main storage unit is in communication with the start-up storage unit. The one-way valve prevents any back-flow of ammonia from the start-up storage unit to the main storage unit. Heating devices are arranged to heat the main storage unit and the start-up storage unit separately to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material.