Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for fabricating catalysts for ammonia decomposition. The method may comprise (a) subjecting a catalyst support to one or more physical or chemical processes to optimize one or more pores, morphologies, and/or surface chemistry or property of the catalyst support; (b) depositing a composite support material on the catalyst support, wherein the composite support material comprises a morphology or surface chemistry or property; and (c) depositing one or more active metals on at least one of the composite support material and the catalyst support, wherein the one or more active metals comprise one or more nanoparticles configured to conform to the morphology of the composite support material and/or catalyst support material, thereby optimizing one or more active sites on the nanoparticles for ammonia processing.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. The system may comprise one or more reactor modules configured to generate hydrogen from a source material comprising ammonia. The hydrogen generated by the one or more reactor modules may be used to provide additional heating of the reactor modules (e.g., via combustion of the hydrogen), or may be provided to one or more fuel cells for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. The system may comprise one or more reactor modules configured to generate hydrogen from a source material comprising ammonia. The hydrogen generated by the one or more reactor modules may be used to provide additional heating of the reactor modules (e.g., via combustion of the hydrogen), or may be provided to one or more fuel cells for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. The system may comprise one or more reactor modules configured to generate hydrogen from a source material comprising ammonia. The hydrogen generated by the one or more reactor modules may be used to provide additional heating of the reactor modules (e.g., via combustion of the hydrogen), or may be provided to one or more fuel cells for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: A system comprises a positive voltage supply node and a negative voltage supply node configured for connection to a load, a power source coupled between the positive voltage supply node and the negative voltage supply node, an energy storage device, a solid-state switch, and a control system. The energy storage device and the solid-state switch are connected in series between the positive voltage supply node and the negative voltage supply node. The control system is configured to control activation and deactivation of the solid-state switch to (i) allow the energy storage device to be discharged and supply power to a load, and to (ii) modulate an amount of charging current that flows through the energy storage device from the power source (or load) to recharge the energy storage device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for ammonia decomposition is disclosed. The method may comprise providing a catalyst comprising an alumina support and a layer adjacent to the support. The layer comprises a perovskite phase comprising aluminum, cerium, and lanthanum, an oxide of at least one of an alkali metal and a rare earth metal, and an active metal. The method may comprise bringing the catalyst in contact with ammonia at a temperature of from about 400° C. to 700° C. to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen and nitrogen at an ammonia conversion efficiency of at least about 70%. The method may further comprise directing the hydrogen to a fuel cell to generate electricity. The method may further comprise generating heat for a reformer comprising the catalyst by combustion of gases or by electricity generated from hydrogen.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fuel cell, comprising: an anode; a cathode; and a membrane electrode assembly disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode may comprise a gas diffusion layer with one or more channels for directing a source material through the gas diffusion layer of the anode to facilitate processing of the source material to generate an electrical current. The one or more channels may comprise one or more features configured to enhance a diffusion of the source material through the gas diffusion layer of the anode. The source material may comprise hydrogen and nitrogen.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. The system may comprise one or more reactor modules configured to generate hydrogen from a source material comprising ammonia. The hydrogen generated by the one or more reactor modules may be used to provide additional heating of the reactor modules (e.g., via combustion of the hydrogen), or may be provided to one or more fuel cells for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for ammonia decomposition is disclosed. The method may comprise providing a catalyst comprising an zirconia support and a layer adjacent to the support. The layer comprises a tetragonal phase comprising zirconium, cerium, and oxygen, an oxide of at least one of an alkali metal and a rare earth metal, and an active metal. The method may comprise bringing the catalyst in contact with ammonia at a temperature of from about 400° C. to 700° C. to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen and nitrogen at an ammonia conversion efficiency of at least about 70%. The method may comprise directing the hydrogen to generate electricity. The method may comprise generating heat for a reformer comprising the catalyst by combustion of gases or by electricity generated from hydrogen.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fuel cell comprising: an electrochemical circuit comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte between the anode and the cathode; a first channel comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first channel is in fluid communication with the anode, wherein the first channel comprises one or more features, wherein the one or more features comprise (i) one or more cuts, (ii) one or more cutouts, (iii) one or more grooves, or (iv) any combination thereof; and a second channel comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second channel is in fluid communication with the cathode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fuel cell comprising: an electrochemical circuit comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte between the anode and the cathode; a first channel comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first channel is in fluid communication with the anode, wherein the first channel comprises one or more features, wherein the one or more features comprise (i) one or more cuts, (ii) one or more cutouts, (iii) one or more grooves, or (iv) any combination thereof; and a second channel comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second channel is in fluid communication with the cathode.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an integrated heat exchanger and reactor module. The integrated heat exchanger and reactor module includes a heat exchanger channel, and a reactor channel which is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger channel. The reactor channel includes a layer of catalyst material that is configured to produce hydrogen by endothermic catalytic decomposition of ammonia, which flows through the reactor channel, using thermal energy that is absorbed by the reactor channel from the heat exchanger channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for fabricating catalysts for ammonia decomposition. The method may comprise (a) subjecting a catalyst support to one or more physical or chemical processes to optimize one or more pores, morphologies, and/or surface chemistry or property of the catalyst support; (b) depositing a composite support material on the catalyst support, wherein the composite support material comprises a morphology or surface chemistry or property; and (c) depositing one or more active metals on at least one of the composite support material and the catalyst support, wherein the one or more active metals comprise one or more nanoparticles configured to conform to the morphology of the composite support material and/or catalyst support material, thereby optimizing one or more active sites on the nanoparticles for ammonia processing.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fuel cell, comprising: an anode; a cathode; and a membrane electrode assembly disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode may comprise a gas diffusion layer with one or more channels for directing a source material through the gas diffusion layer of the anode to facilitate processing of the source material to generate an electrical current. The one or more channels may comprise one or more features configured to enhance a diffusion of the source material through the gas diffusion layer of the anode. The source material may comprise hydrogen and nitrogen.