Abstract: A method for coupling a coaxial transmission line with a micro-strip package transition is disclosed. The method includes offsetting a conductor from a center, of the coaxial transmission line. The offsetting the conductor concentrates a first electromagnetic field lines of the coaxial transmission line towards a single ground plane. Further, the method includes coupling the micro-strip along a length of the offset conductor, using a connector. The first electromagnetic field lines of the offset conductor flows into the micro-strip to transmit energy packets with least discontinuity, for smooth transition of energy packets, with less or minimal signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to low noise amplifiers built as a monolithic millimeter or microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) that includes an amplification stage with two or more field effect transistors (FETS) connected in a parallel configuration. An amplifier may include two, three, or more amplification stages. Amplifiers consistent with the present disclosure may operate at frequencies in the range of 3 gigahertz (GHz) to 9 GHz. Each transistor or amplification stage may include their own series feedback element. A second amplification stage may include two parallel transistors, with one having a series feedback element and a feedback shunt spanning the second stage. A third stage may include a single transistor. Each of the transistors connected in a parallel configuration may be tuned to a different corner frequency in order to improve metrics of noise figure, gain, input return loss, and output return loss not possible with conventional amplifier designs.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to apparatus and method that extends a useful operation range of an amplifier circuit. Here a low noise amplifier may be attached to a cold end of a cooler or chiller, such as a “Stirling” cryocooler after which a chamber that encloses the cold end of the cooler and the amplifier may be assembled. Gas included in the chamber may be removed by attaching an input to a vacuum pump to a portion of the chamber. After the chamber is sealed such that a low pressure in the chamber can be maintained, the cooler may be turned on in order to chill the amplifier to temperatures that reduce noise generated internally to the amplifier or to reduce amounts of return loss associated with the amplifier. The use of a Stirling cryocooler allows for the amplifier to be cooled to very low or cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to apparatus and method that extends a useful operation range of an amplifier circuit to accelerate the deployment and functionality of fifth generation (5G) cellular networks and subsequent generations of cellular technology. Amplifiers and packaging of the present disclosure will help improve cellular companies' ability to deploy amplifiers needed to transmit and receive signals of frequencies above twenty gigahertz while reducing noise/noise factor and return loss commonly associated with amplifiers that amplify such high frequency signals. By combining new amplifier designs and fabrication techniques with advanced packaging technology, the performance of amplifiers deployed in cellular networks will meet operational specifications that are required to provide functionality currently being promoted by the major cellular providers.