Abstract: A method of a terminal in a wireless communication system includes receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message, identifying, from the RRC message, information on a scheduling cell and a format for downlink control information (DCI) to be received, receiving, from the scheduling cell, the DCI in the identified format, and receiving data via multiple cells based on the received DCI, where the DCI comprises frequency domain resource assignment information for physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs).

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a cell semiconductor pattern disposed on a semiconductor substrate. A semiconductor dummy pattern is disposed on the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor dummy pattern is co-planar with the cell semiconductor pattern. A first circuit is disposed between the semiconductor substrate and the cell semiconductor pattern. A first interconnection structure is disposed between the semiconductor substrate and the cell semiconductor pattern. A first dummy structure is disposed between the semiconductor substrate and the cell semiconductor pattern. Part of the first dummy structure is co-planar with part of the first interconnection structure. A second dummy structure not overlapping the cell semiconductor pattern is disposed on the semiconductor substrate. Part of the second dummy structure is co-planar with part of the first interconnection structure.

Abstract: A method of controlling a revolution speed of a spindle motor in an optical disk drive. Target RPMs and actual PWM signal values for maintaining the target RPMs are calculated according to recording linear velocities of an optical disk, and stored in a memory. The spindle motor is controlled by a PWM signal value greater than an actual PWM signal value for maintaining a desired target RPM, until an RPM of the spindle motor reaches the target RPM. Further, the spindle motor is controlled by the actual PWM signal value for maintaining the target RPM, when the RPM of the spindle motor reaches the target RPM.