Abstract: A tubular liner for a pipe is collapsed on itself to define a pair of lobes. The lobes are folded into a central region so that bending modulus and radius are reduced. The liner can be stored in a tighter coil and can be introduced into an underground pipe to be lined at a more acute angle.

Abstract: A method of making a fire hose including the steps of extruding a tube having inner 12 and outer coverings of elastomeric material on a woven jacket made from woven synthetic textile yarns and having a weft which is unusually highly crimped. The extruded tube is placed in a confining mould or sheath having an internal diameter substantially the same as the external diameter of the hose, curing the material of the tube by internal application of heat and pressure, pressing the outer covering into tight engagement with the sheath. The sheath effectively prevents radial expansion of the hose during the curing and the outer covering is thus embossed with the surface topography of the inner surface of the sheath upon removal of the sheath. The hose thus formed has good diametral swell properties and consequently reduces the frictional forces in relation to the amount of water flowing through the hose.

Abstract: A method of lining an existing pipe by pulling through it a collapsible, flexible, lay-flat liner having an innermost layer of impervious, elastomeric material which is compatible with the fluid to be carried by the pipe, a textile reinforcing intermediate layer, and an external protective layer of elastomeric material. The liner has an external circumference slightly less than the internal circumference of the pipe and is such that flow of fluid through the liner after the installation thereof expands the liner into non-binding contact with the internal surface of the pipe. The peripheral extension (diametral swell) of the liner at the intended working pressure of the relined pipe should be less than 10% and preferably less than 5%.

Abstract: The invention is a composition for combating fires and for inhibiting release of flammable vapor from liquids, which is film-forming and comprises, in an aqueous medium, a blend of a hydrolyzed protein and an ampholytic sulphonamide fluorosurfactant falling within the general formula:C.sub.6 F.sub.13.(CH.sub.2).sub.2.SO.sub.2.N(H or CH.sub.3).(CH.sub.2).sub.2 or 3.N.sup.30 (CH.sub.3).sub.2.(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3.COO-,said fluorosurfactant, when as a 0.1% aqueous solution, being film-forming on cyclohexane at normal temperatures. The composition preferably has an interfacial tension on 4-star petrol of at least 3.5 dyn.cm.sup.-1 and is particularly suitable for employment in foam form.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing sprinkler comprises a support body for supporting a temperature sensitive element provided normally to retain a closure member in position to prevent the flow of fluid through a fluid passage extending through the support body but to permit displacement of the closure member in the event of a fire. The closure member has a sealing surface which extends substantially parallel relative to the direction of fluid flow through the passage to continue to effect a seal during small relative movement between the fluid passage and temperature sensitive element under normal operating conditions.