Abstract: A spectrum analyzer having an automatic attenuator setting function, actuatable to automatically set the degree of attenuation provided by an input attenuator to an optimum value in accordance with the peak level of the frequency span of a signal under measurement, i.e. to a minimum attenuation value consistent with the prevention of generation of spurious signal components through distortion within the spectrum analyzer, e.g. harmonic frequency distortion within the mixer of the spectrum analyzer. Low-level frequency components can thereby be observed without the presence of spurious components on the spectrum analyzer display, with no need for manual input attenuator adjustment. A compensating degree of I.F. amplification is automatically provided to match the attenuation setting.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer is provided with means for setting the level of an input signal applied to the mixer of the frequency converter circuit in the spectrum analyzer to an optimum level, i.e., such that the relative amounts of harmonic distortion and average noise in the displayed spectrum are balanced, the input level setting being established on the basis of the current reference level and resolution bandwidth settings.

Abstract: A sample pulse generating apparatus is provided having an input signal supply circuit for supply an input signal with a high frequency to be sampled, a saw tooth wave generator for generating a saw tooth wave signal which is in synchronism with the input signal and has lower frequency than that of the input signal, a staircase signal generator for generating a staircase signal of which the voltage level is stepped up in synchronism with the occurrence of the saw tooth wave signal, a voltage comparator for receiving the saw tooth wave signal and the staircase wave signal and comparing them and producing a sampling signal when those signals coincide with each other, and an observation signal generator for generating an observation signal which is analogous in wave shape to the input signal and has lower frequency than that of the input signal, by sampling the input signal by the sampling pulses.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the fat content of milk includes an optical guide having two light passageways for guiding light delivered from a light source. One of said light passageways is provided with a cuvette through which the fat of milk flows. Disposed adjacent to the cuvette is an optical correction device, which includes an open window and at least one optical correction window. The optical correction window comprises a transparent glass plate over which there are uniformly formed a number of scratches each having such a dimension as is capable of giving an optical result corresponding to the milk fat particles.

Abstract: A feed material is introduced into a pressure-kneading portion of a kneader with a slightly insufficient water content, wherein the remaining water is added and the material is kneaded to be delivered from the kneader as having a predetermined water content, and concurrently the water content of the kneaded material being delivered is continuously measured near the exit of said kneader and the amount of water to be added to the pressure-kneading portion is controlled according to the measured water content, whereby the water content in the kneaded material is maintained constant.