Abstract: A high-intensity external ion injector can includes (a) an ion source defining a plasma chamber and including an aperture through which ions can escape the plasma chamber, (b) a microwave source configured to generate microwave radiation and direct the microwave radiation into the plasma chamber, (c) a gas source filled with a plasma-forming gas and configured to supply the plasma-forming gas to the plasma chamber, (d) a voltage source configured to apply a voltage to the plasma chamber, (e) an einzel triplet lens, (f) an ion focus positioned and configured to focus an ion beam exiting the aperture of the ion source through the einzel triplet lens, and (g) a periodic focusing structure positioned and configured to receive an ion beam exiting the einzel triplet lens.

Abstract: A compact rare-earth superconducting cyclotron includes a magnetic yoke, a pair of superconducting coils, and a pair of rare-earth poles. The magnetic yoke defines a chamber contained within the magnetic yoke. The superconducting coils are contained in the chamber defined in the magnetic yoke and are positioned on opposite sides of a median acceleration plane in the chamber. Each rare-earth pole includes a rare-earth metal and is contained in the chamber defined in the magnetic yoke on opposite sides of the median acceleration plane. Each of the rare-earth poles also extends inward toward a central axis from one of the superconducting coils, is physically separated from the magnetic yoke, and is separated by at least 5 cm from the other rare-earth pole.

Abstract: A high-intensity external ion injector can includes (a) an ion source defining a plasma chamber and including an aperture through which ions can escape the plasma chamber, (b) a microwave source configured to generate microwave radiation and direct the microwave radiation into the plasma chamber, (c) a gas source filled with a plasma-forming gas and configured to supply the plasma-forming gas to the plasma chamber, (d) a voltage source configured to apply a voltage to the plasma chamber, (e) an einzel triplet lens, (f) an ion focus positioned and configured to focus an ion beam exiting the aperture of the ion source through the einzel triplet lens, and (g) a periodic focusing structure positioned and configured to receive an ion beam exiting the einzel triplet lens.

Abstract: A cryogenic magnet structure includes at least two superconducting coils that are substantially symmetric about a central axis and on opposite sides of a median plane. At least one cryostat contains the superconducting coils; and a magnetic yoke surrounds the superconducting coils and contains at least a portion of a chamber, wherein the median plane extends through the chamber. At least one integral maintenance boot assembly is in thermal contact with the superconducting coils and is configured to preserve a sealed vacuum in the cryostat; and a cryogenic refrigerator is in thermal contact with the maintenance boot assembly and is configured to cool the superconducting coils below their critical superconducting temperatures and is configured for removal from thermal contact with the integral maintenance boot assembly without breaking the sealed vacuum in the cryostat.

Abstract: A cryogenic magnet structure includes at least two superconducting coils that are substantially symmetric about a central axis and on opposite sides of a median plane. At least one cryostat contains the superconducting coils; and a magnetic yoke surrounds the superconducting coils and contains at least a portion of a chamber, wherein the median plane extends through the chamber. At least one integral maintenance boot assembly is in thermal contact with the superconducting coils and is configured to preserve a sealed vacuum in the cryostat; and a cryogenic refrigerator is in thermal contact with the maintenance boot assembly and is configured to cool the superconducting coils below their critical superconducting temperatures and is configured for removal from thermal contact with the integral maintenance boot assembly without breaking the sealed vacuum in the cryostat.

Abstract: A cryogenic magnet structure includes at least two superconducting coils, a magnetic yoke, and first and second cryostats. The superconducting coils are substantially symmetric about a central axis, wherein the superconducting coils are on opposite sides of a median plane. The magnetic yoke surrounds the superconducting coils and contains at least a portion of a chamber, wherein the median plane extends through the chamber. The first cryostat contains a first of the superconducting coils, and the second cryostat contains a second of the superconducting coils. The second cryostat is distinct from the first cryostat, and the first and second cryostats are on opposite sides of the median plane in the chamber.

Abstract: A cryogenic magnet structure includes at least two superconducting coils, a magnetic yoke, and first and second cryostats. The superconducting coils are substantially symmetric about a central axis, wherein the superconducting coils are on opposite sides of a median plane. The magnetic yoke surrounds the superconducting coils and contains at least a portion of a chamber, wherein the median plane extends through the chamber. The first cryostat contains a first of the superconducting coils, and the second cryostat contains a second of the superconducting coils. The second cryostat is distinct from the first cryostat, and the first and second cryostats are on opposite sides of the median plane in the chamber.

Abstract: An isochronous cyclotron includes at least two superconducting coils, a magnetic yoke surrounding the coils and containing at least a portion of a beam chamber, a plurality of superconducting flutter coils on each side of the median acceleration plane, a non-magnetic reinforcement structure filling the valleys between the superconducting flutter coils so as to maintain the positioning of the superconducting flutter coils, internal reinforcement structures mounted inside the superconducting flutter coils, and a cryogenic refrigerator thermally coupled with the superconducting coils and with the magnetic yoke.

Abstract: An isochronous cyclotron includes at least two superconducting coils, a magnetic yoke surrounding the coils and containing at least a portion of a beam chamber, a plurality of superconducting flutter coils on each side of the median acceleration plane, a non-magnetic reinforcement structure filling the valleys between the superconducting flutter coils so as to maintain the positioning of the superconducting flutter coils, internal reinforcement structures mounted inside the superconducting flutter coils, and a cryogenic refrigerator thermally coupled with the superconducting coils and with the magnetic yoke.