Abstract: A method for feeding invertebrates or aquaculture organisms, comprising providing a pollen substitute composition comprising a nutritionally effective amount of isofucosterol, fucosterol or a mixture thereof; and # administering the pollen substitute composition to invertebrates or aquaculture organisms; wherein the pollen substitute composition comprises a nutritionally effective amount at least one further sterol, preferably at least two further sterols selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, 24-Methylenecholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol or a physiologically available conjugate of any of these sterols.

Abstract: A method for feeding invertebrates or aquaculture organisms, comprising # providing a pollen substitute composition comprising a nutritionally effective amount of isofucosterol, fucosterol or a mixture thereof; and # administering the pollen substitute composition to invertebrates or aquaculture organisms; wherein the pollen substitute composition comprises a nutritionally effective amount at least one further sterol, preferably at least two further sterols selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, 24-Methylene-cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol or a physiologically available conjugate of any of these sterols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genetically-modified oleaginous yeasts for producing non-native sterols at commercially useful levels, especially for example in providing sterols individually or as a mixture in an artificial dietary composition for honeybees or other insects or animals. For this purpose, an oleaginous yeast, e.g. Yarrowia lipolytica, may be employed wherein the yeast has reduced production of ergosterol compared with a wild-type oleaginous yeast or is incapable of producing ergosterol and is provided with a sterol surrogate to aid growth. From such yeast, however, other yeast may be engineered which retain useful sterol production without need for a sterol surrogate, e.g. production of sterol mixtures in which 24-methylenecholesterol or campesterol is the dominant sterol.

Abstract: A method for feeding invertebrates or aquaculture organisms, comprising # providing a pollen substitute composition comprising a nutritionally effective amount of isofucosterol, fucosterol or a mixture thereof; and # administering the pollen substitute composition to invertebrates or aquaculture organisms; wherein the pollen substitute composition comprises a nutritionally effective amount at least one further sterol, preferably at least two further sterols selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, 24-Methylene-cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol or a physiologically available conjugate of any of these sterols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions, methods and products for providing nutrition to insects such as bees, e.g., honey bees. Certain embodiments of the present invention also relate to methods of providing nutrition to bees e.g., colonies of bees together with methods of preparing a composition for providing nutrition to bees.