Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for analysing the composition of a quenched flow reaction liquid comprising a quenched flow reactor, and a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) apparatus; wherein the quenched flow reactor is in fluid communication with the HPLC apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relate to a reactor comprising: (i) a first reagent release mechanism, (ii) a second reagent release mechanism, and (iii) a reaction area fluid pathway, wherein the reaction area fluid pathway comprises a pathway extension valve, wherein adjusting the pathway extension valve varies the length of the reaction area fluid pathway, and wherein the pathway extension valve comprises a single valve.

Abstract: The present invention relate to a reactor comprising: (i) a first reagent release mechanism, (ii) a second reagent release mechanism, and (iii) a reaction area fluid pathway, wherein the reaction area fluid pathway comprises a pathway extension valve, wherein adjusting the pathway extension valve varies the length of the reaction area fluid pathway, and wherein the pathway extension valve comprises a single valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for calibrating and controlling a polarization modulator, for example a photoelastic modulator (PEM) device on a CD measurement instrument, the method comprising scanning the control input voltage (Vin) at a fixed wavelength (?meas); and recording the CD scan, wherein the control input voltage (Vin) determines the peak retardation (?) at the fixed wavelength (?meas), and wherein the method is repeated for one or more fixed wavelengths. An augmented drive function allows the PEM to be operated with greater accuracy over the full wavelength range, and measurement of resonant frequency provides a means to continually correct for temperature related drift of retardation.

Abstract: In characterizing or identifying an article which is provided with luminescent material, excitation radiation is directed at the article to cause emission from the luminescent material and the intensity of emitted radiation at different wavelengths is compared by directing the emitted radiation to photodetectors through a plurality of optical systems having respective filters of different wavelength transmission and comparing the modified signal level from one photodetector with the signal level from another photodetector.

Abstract: A spectrofluorimeter for measuring excitation and emission spectra uses a flash or pulsed light source, an excitation monochrometer adjustable by a stepping motor, a first optical system for directing radiation onto a sample under test, a reference light detector for monitoring the excitation radiation, an emission monochrometer, also adjustable by a stepping motor, for receiving radiation via a second optical system from the sample and directing selected wavelengths to a detection photomultiplier, the first and second optical systems being corrected for spherical and chromatic alterations.