Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of charging clusters comprising charging said clusters as they are formed by passing the fluid which will make up the clusters from an area of first pressure to an area of second pressure, the second pressure being lower than the first pressure, the charging of the clusters as they are formed being such that it does not destroy the strong coupling or coherency of the clusters.
Abstract: Method and apparatus for cooling plasma generated by an ion source. The plasma is expanded together with neutral gas in an evacuated expansion chamber and subjected to a magnetic field.
Abstract: A method of accelerating neutral plasma, consisting of electrons and positively charged ions, from low energy to high energy, by reflection of electromagnetic waves directed into the plasma, the frequency .omega. of the electromagnetic wave being smaller than the plasma frequency of the neutral plasma.
Abstract: Electrical conductor comprising a glass fibre (12) with a hollow center within which is a liquid solution (14) containing D.sup.+ or other boson ions. Coherent light from a laser (15) is directed into the solution to render the boson ions coherent, inducing a superconducting state. In another embodiment, the laser is replaced by a microwave source.
Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming coherent clusters. By cluster is meant an assembly of one or more atoms or molecules assembled together. The clusters are rendered coherent by a process of induced scattering.
Abstract: Accelerator for coherent bosons. Helium clusters are formed by expansion of helium gas through a nozzle into a low pressure chamber. The clusters contain coherent helium particles. Laser light is shone onto the clusters to cause the coherent helium atoms in the clusters to be accelerated by impact of the coherent light from the laser thereon, so that the helium atoms form a high energy coherent beam.