Abstract: Adapters and methods related to aeration applications. An adapter for use in water treatment applications. The adapter includes a generally circular member for conversion of an aeration diffuser holder from a membrane diffuser element holder to a ceramic diffuser element holder. The generally circular member includes a top adapted to receive a retaining ring, a bottom adapted to receive an aeration diffuser holder, a diameter adapted to receive a ceramic diffuser element, and a height adapted to receive a ceramic diffuser element.

Abstract: Adapters and methods related to aeration applications. An adapter for use in water treatment applications. The adapter includes a generally circular member for conversion of an aeration diffuser holder from a membrane diffuser element holder to a ceramic diffuser element holder. The generally circular member includes a top adapted to receive a retaining ring, a bottom adapted to receive an aeration diffuser holder, a diameter adapted to receive a ceramic diffuser element, and a height adapted to receive a ceramic diffuser element.

Abstract: A bioreactor system for microbiological treatment of wastewater including: at least one highly-flexible substrate for providing a superficial environment conducive for supporting biomass growth, the substrate including: (a) a large plurality of threads disposed in a generally longitudinal direction and including a plurality of synthetic filaments, and (b) at least two cross-support elements disposed across and associated with the plurality of threads, so as to provide support for and loosely associate the threads, wherein openings defined by (i) adjacent threads of the threads, and (ii) adjacent cross-support elements of the elements, have an aspect ratio exceeding 50 to 1.

Abstract: Biomass support members, including woven textile media, useful in biological contact processes and apparatus; biomass support panels of limited flexibility and substantial surface expanse, with or without frames, comprising a variety of different woven or non-woven biomass supporting members, which may or may not include the foregoing media; biological treatment processes using biomass supporting panels in any at least partly supported growth biological process, whether a wastewater treatment or not; and biological wastewater treatment apparatus comprising diffusers and biomass support panels that may or may not include the above media, and which may also include certain preferred spatial and operational relationships.