Abstract: Provided are devices for viral, microbial and pathogen control and removal. A device is provided comprising a carrier material comprising a carbohydrate-based polymer, and a binding agent. The binding agent is attached by one or more covalent bonds to the carrier material, and the binding agent can bind to a target, the target being one or more of a biotoxin, a virus, a microbe, and a microbial component. Also provided are methods of using such devices for removing a biotoxin, a virus, a microbe and/or a microbial component, and processes for making a device, comprising providing a carrier material comprising a carbohydrate-based polymer, treating the carrier with an oxidising agent to produce acid and/or aldehyde groups; and contacting the treated carrier with a binding agent which comprises one or more of a lectin, a glycoprotein, and a glycoconjugate, such that the binding agent is linked to the carbohydrate-based polymer by one or more covalent bonds.