Abstract: A method for removing sulfates from seawater by immersing a barium adsorbent into produced water to adsorb the barium ions from the produced water. The adsorbent is combined with an acidic solution that pulls the barium ions into the acidic solution. The acidic solution containing barium ions is combined with seawater to precipitate the sulfate as barium sulfate (BaSO4).

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed. The method includes obtaining seismic data for a geological region of interest, a velocity model, and an attenuation model. The seismic data includes an amplitude and a phase of seismic waves traveling from a seismic source location. The method further includes determining a traveltime model using the seismic source location, the velocity model, and a traveltime Eikonal function and determining an attenuated traveltime model using a parallel fast sweeping method. The parallel fast sweeping method includes Cuthill-McKee ordering a plurality of grid nodes. The plurality of grid nodes represents the geological region of interest. The parallel fast sweeping method further includes using the seismic source location, the velocity model, the attenuation model, the traveltime model, and an attenuated traveltime Eikonal function. The method still further includes generating an updated attenuation model using the attenuated traveltime model, the amplitude, and the phase.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining various cross-spread gathers regarding a geological region of interest. The method may further include determining traveltime table data based on the cross-spread gathers. The method may further include transmitting the cross-spread gathers to various parallel processing groups in a parallel processing network. A respective cross-spread gather among the cross-spread gathers may be transmitted to a respective parallel processing group among the parallel processing groups. The method may further include determining, by various parallel processing nodes in the respective parallel processing group, a first subset of a migrated dataset using the respective cross-spread gather, a subset of the traveltime table data, a velocity model, and a migration function. The method may further include generating, based on various subsets of the migrated dataset that includes the first subset, a first seismic image of the geological region of interest.

Abstract: A system and method of testing pre-formed particle gels in an artificial fracture system may include introducing a suspension including a pre-formed particle gel into a testing device that includes an artificial fracture setup with a plurality of fracture model units. The system may be configured to inject pre-formed particle gels into an accumulator with magnetic stirrers first and then into a series of fracture model units configured to receive a fluid through a flow channel and, change the flow channel in a transverse direction relative to the direction of the fluid flow.

Abstract: A well site may include a wellbore extending into a subsurface formation and a drilling rig with a top drive and a drive shaft to rotate a drill string extending into the wellbore. The drill string includes a drill bit at an end distal to the drilling rig to cut rock of the subsurface formation to form the wellbore. Acoustic sensors may be positioned on the drive shaft, or the top drive, or the drill string. The acoustic sensors are configured to record and transmit drilling acoustic signals during a dummy drilling operation and a real drilling operation. A computer system may be in communication with the acoustic sensors. The computer system processes the drilling acoustic signals during the dummy drilling operation and the real drilling operation to minimize a drilling environmental effect by deducting a drilling environmental noise from the drilling acoustic signals to calculate clean drilling acoustic signals.

Abstract: Examples of methods and systems are disclosed. The methods may include, obtaining a seismic dataset regarding a subsurface region of interest and obtaining a well log for each of a plurality of wellbores penetrating the subsurface region of interest. The methods may also include determining a geological surface from the seismic dataset, wherein the geological surface includes seismic-estimated orientation data estimated at a plurality of points on the geological surface. The methods may further include determining an intersection point for each of the plurality of wellbores with the geological surface, wherein the intersection point includes well-measured orientation data. The methods may still further include generating an updated geological surface by updating the seismic-estimated orientation data at the plurality of points on the geological surface based, at least in part, on the well-measured orientation data.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a rock facies map are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) seismic image and a plurality of well logs, and identifying a horizon and determining a set of bandlimited 3D seismic images. The method further includes determining a set of mono-frequency maps by applying spectral decomposition to the 3D seismic image and determining a seismic attribute map based on the set of mono-frequency maps and a machine learning network. The method still further includes identifying a set of rock facies based, at least in part, on the plurality of well logs, determining a transformation function that maps a subset of rock facies to values of the seismic attribute map, and determining the rock facies map based on the seismic attribute map and the transformation function.

Abstract: A method for modeling compaction in a reservoir including obtaining a profile of vertical burial depth, a profile of effective stress against the vertical burial depth, and approximating a plurality of rock grains with a hexagonal closed-packed arrangement of spheres to estimate compacted mechanical and chemical porosity profiles.

Abstract: A method for predicting a quality of a reservoir, including the steps: drilling a well that penetrates the reservoir, acquiring one-dimensional (1D) input data (1204) from the well, wherein the input data (1204) include: depositional temperature and burial depth as function of a depositional time, and facies data and compaction data (1208), adding a time interval to the depositional time, entering the 1D input data (1204) in a diagenesis model, wherein the diagenesis model includes a compaction model that outputs a predicted compaction at a depositional time, and a cementation model that outputs a predicted cementation at the depositional time, repeating the previous two steps until the depositional time is the present time, and the diagenesis model outputs a predicted compaction curve with porosity as function of depth.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a set of final first breaks (390) of a sonic dataset (250) are disclosed. The method includes determining a sonic slowness log from the sonic dataset (250) and for each trace recorded by a subset of the plurality of receivers (101-113) determining an initial first break estimate (410) for each trace, and determining a second first break estimate (510) based on an energy ratio within a time window surrounding the initial first break estimate (410). The method further includes, for each of the plurality of traces in the sonic dataset (250), predicting a refined first break estimate (610, 620, 630) based, at least in part, on the second first break estimates (510), the sonic slowness log, and an inter-receiver distance, and determining the set of final first breaks (390) of the sonic dataset (250) by applying a time shift to the refined first break estimates.

Abstract: A method includes drilling a wellbore in a current well. An interval of the wellbore comprises a first portion of the wellbore and a second portion of the wellbore. The method also includes obtaining an offset drilling log and an offset lithology log for a geologically similar interval in an offset well and training a first machine learning model, using the offset drilling log, to produce a first trained machine learning model. The method further includes producing, using the first trained machine learning model, a forecasted drilling log for the second portion of the wellbore in the current well, training a second machine learning model, using a gradient boosting machine learning technique, the forecasted drilling log, and the offset lithology log, to produce a second trained machine learning model, and producing, using the second trained machine learning model, a forecasted lithology log for the second portion of the current well.

Abstract: A method for obtaining geological heterogeneity trends of a geological formation, including the steps: drilling wells (w1, w2, w3, w4, w5) that penetrate the formation, acquiring well logs (log 1, log 2) for each well (w1, w2, w3, w4, w5) as function of depth inter Vals (Dk) of the respective well, determining a third degree tensor (Tk, m, n), where a z-dimension denotes the depths, a x-dimension denotes the well logs, and a y-dimension denotes the wells, extracting matrices (L1k,m, L2k,m, . . . , LMk,n) from the tensor (Tk, m, n), clustering the matrices (L1k,n, L2k,n, . . . , LMk,n) based on the characteristics of the corresponding well logs (log 1, log 2) to a clustering result matrix, aggregating the clustering result matrix to a cluster ensemble (?1, ?2, . . . , ?M), and spatial partitioning the cluster ensemble (?1, ?2, . . . , ?M) to a map that shows the geological heterogeneity trends associated with cluster types of the wells (w1, w2, w3, w4, w5).

Abstract: A system and methods are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a seismic dataset including a plurality of recorded multiple events, generating a predicted multiple model using a multiple prediction method and the seismic dataset, and estimating a set of initial matching filters using a matching method, to match the plurality of estimated and recorded multiple events. The method further includes generating a tensor field based on the predicted multiple model, determining a set of structure-oriented matching filters based on the set of initial matching filters and the tensor field, generating a filtered multiple model based on the predicted multiple model and the set of structure-oriented matching filters, and generating a multiple-attenuated seismic dataset based on the filtered multiple model and the seismic dataset, forming a seismic image based, at least in part, on the multiple-attenuated seismic dataset, and determining a location of a hydrocarbon reservoir based on the seismic image.

Abstract: A method of determining a presence of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a surface seismic dataset, composed of a plurality of seismic gathers, determining a redatumed gather for a target horizon based on the seismic gather, determining a time window of the redatumed gather around the target horizon, and determining a spectrum of a portion within the time window. The method further includes determining a hydrocarbon indicator based, at least in part, on an amplitude of a higher-frequency portion and lower-frequency portion of the spectrum of the plurality of seismic gathers, determining a geographic map of values of the hydrocarbon indicator from the plurality of seismic gathers, and determining a presence of hydrocarbons based, at least in part, on at least one anomalous value on the geographic map. A system including a seismic acquisition system and a seismic processor for executing the method is disclosed.

Abstract: A method (600) and a system (1000) for generating an adaptive migration taper for a pre-stack seismic dataset are disclosed. The method (600) includes obtaining the pre-stack seismic dataset (602) and a seismic velocity model of a subterranean region (604). The method (600) also includes generating the adaptive migration taper based, at least in part, on the pre-stack seismic dataset (606), and forming a migrated seismic image using a migration function, the seismic velocity model, the pre-stack seismic dataset, and the adaptive migration taper (608). The method (600) further includes determining a location of a hydrocarbon reservoir based, at least in part, on the migrated seismic image (610).

Abstract: A method related to generating a facies-cement model of a subsurface region. The method includes obtaining depositional data regarding the subsurface region, wherein the depositional data incudes wave impact data. The method further includes generating, by a computer processor, a geological model for the subsurface region using a forward-depositional modeling process and the depositional data, wherein the geological model comprises wave energy data. The method further includes determining, by the computer processor, carbonate cementation data for the subsurface region using a diagenetic modeling process and the wave energy data, wherein the carbonate cementation data describes cementation in one or more depositional processes, and generating, by the computer processor, a facies-cement model of the subsurface region.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for automatically integrating subsurface structural maps with strike and dip information measured in subsurface wells. The method includes obtaining a seismic image volume for a subsurface region of interest and a well log for each of a plurality of wellbores penetrating the subsurface region of interest. Further, the method includes determining a seismic map of a geological surface from the seismic image volume, wherein the seismic map comprises an estimated depth and an estimated vector normal to the seismic map at a plurality of horizontal locations and determining an intersection point for each of the plurality of wellbores with the geological surface. Additionally, the method includes forming a cost function based, at least in part, on the seismic map and the intersection points of the plurality of wellbores and constructing a subsurface map by solving a constrained optimization problem based on the cost function.

Abstract: A system and method for performing a reservoir evaluation are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) dataset for a plurality of samples and obtaining an NMR log for a wellbore penetrating a reservoir. The method further includes determining a rock facies description for each sample, determining an NMR transverse relaxation time (NMR T2) distribution from the NMR dataset, and determining a set of parameters characterizing the NMR T2 distribution based on one or more predetermined parameters. The method still further includes identifying a plurality of NMR facies based, at least in part, on the set of parameters for each sample, determining a transformation that maps a subset of rock facies to a subset of the plurality of NMR facies, and performing the reservoir evaluation based, at least in part, on applying the transformation to the NMR log.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining seismic data based on a seismic survey regarding a geological region of interest. The method may further include obtaining grid data based on the geological region of interest. The method may further includes determining various travel times using the seismic data, the grid data, an Eikonal function, and a velocity model for the geological region of interest. The method may further include determining various attenuated travel times using the travel times, the grid data, and a forward modeling function that includes various gradient components. The method may further include determining various updated attenuated travel times using the attenuated travel times, the grid data, the forward modeling function, and a fast sweeping method. The method may further include generating an attenuation model of the geological region of interest using the updated attenuated travel times.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining seismic data regarding a geological region of interest. The seismic data may correspond to a seismic survey that is divided into various bins in a predetermined bin grid. The method may further include determining a first multiblock bin within the seismic survey. The first multiblock bin may correspond to a source bin and a receiver bin among the bins. The method may further include determining traveltime table data using the seismic data and various multiblock bins that include the first multiblock bin. The method further includes determining migrated data using the seismic data, the traveltime table data, a velocity model, a migration function, and various parallel processors. The method further includes generating a seismic image of the geological region of interest using the migrated data.