Abstract: Methods and systems for estimating converted-wave statics are disclosed. The methods include obtaining a multicomponent seismic dataset for a subterranean region, determining an array of PP-source statics and an array of PP-receiver statics for the PP-seismic dataset, generating a PP-receiver stack based on the PP-seismic dataset, the array of PP-source statics, and the array of PP-receiver statics, and generating a PS-receiver stack based on the PS-seismic dataset and the array of PP-source statics. The methods also include identifying a PP-target event on the PP-receiver stack, forming a space-time window of the PS-receiver stack guided by the PP-target event, determining an objective function, and determining an array of PS-receiver statics based on an extremum of the objective function.

Abstract: An expansion apparatus and a method of manufacturing an expansion apparatus are provided. The expansion apparatus comprises an expandable element having a monolithic wall structure circumscribing a longitudinal axis and enclosing a space for receiving a pressurised fluid for use in inflating the expandable element between a non-expanded configuration and an expanded configuration. The wall structure is formed by additive manufacturing to have an initial non-expanded profile in which a perimeter length of the wall structure is greater than an outer gauge perimeter of the wall structure. Expansion during inflation is achieved by reforming the initial non-expanded profile of the wall structure to increase the outer gauge perimeter.

Abstract: A system and methods are disclosed for determining a model of a subterranean region. The method includes obtaining an observed dataset and a current model for the subterranean region, simulating a dataset from the current model, and determining a data penalty function based on a difference between the observed and simulated datasets. The method further includes training a machine learning (ML) network to predict a model from the observed dataset and determining the predicted model using the trained ML network. The method further includes determining a first model penalty function based on the current model, a second model penalty function based on a difference between the current and the predicted models, and a composite penalty function based on a weighted sum of the data penalty function, the first and the second model penalty functions. Finally, the method includes determining the model based on an extremum of a composite penalty function.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system includes an exhaust line, a series of emission treatment units, and an electronic control unit. The series of emission treatment units includes a catalytic unit, a particulate filter unit, an oxidation catalytic unit, a hydrogen injection unit, and a Lean NOx Trap (LNT) for trapping select emissions. A method of operating an exhaust treatment system includes introducing a fuel to a combustion engine of a motor vehicle, directing emissions from the combustion engine to an exhaust line, and passing the emissions in the exhaust line through a series of emission treatment units on the exhaust line. The method further includes injecting hydrogen into the exhaust line via a hydrogen injection unit, where an amount of hydrogen gas injected from a hydrogen inlet line reduces the trapped emissions in the LNT to an inert gas.

Abstract: A method for picking first breaks on a synthetic seismic dataset for a full wavefield travel-time inversion is provided. This method includes obtaining a synthetic seismic dataset and for each synthetic trace, determining a plurality of synthetic trace amplitude maxima and minima, determining a modified energy ratio trace, and forming a trace mask based at least in part, on an amplitude of the synthetic trace and on an amplitude of the modified energy ratio trace. The method further includes determining for each synthetic trace, a positive estimated first break based on the plurality of synthetic trace amplitude maxima and the trace mask and a negative estimated first bread based on the plurality of synthetic trace amplitude minima and the trace mask. The method concludes with determining a predicted first break for each synthetic trace from the positive estimate first break and the negative estimate first break.

Abstract: A method for determining a non-linear beamforming (NLBF) tuple is disclosed. The method includes receiving a seismic data set and discretizing the seismic data set into a plurality of NLBF sub-problems. The method includes solving a subset of the NLBF sub-problems with a non-linear optimizer to create final NLBF tuples. The method further includes periodically training a machine-learned model with a subset of the NLBF sub-problems and final NLBF tuples data and obtaining intermediate NLBF tuple predictions from the trained machine-learned model. The intermediate NLBF tuple predictions may be used as initial values in a non-linear optimizer to create final NLBF tuples or may be accepted as final NLBF tuples. The method includes storing the final NLBF tuples.

Abstract: A system that may include an exhaust gas source that provides exhaust gas pollutants, a primary catalytic converter coupled downstream of the exhaust gas source, and an adsorption unit, configured to adsorb exhaust gas pollutants. The adsorption unit may be coupled downstream of the exhaust gas source. A process that may include introducing exhaust gas comprising exhaust gas pollutants into a system that includes an adsorption unit, such that the exhaust gas may flow through the adsorption unit and the exhaust gas pollutants may be adsorbed into an adsorption media in the adsorption unit as adsorbed exhaust gas pollutants. A depleted exhaust gas may pass from the adsorption unit.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining various seismic traces for a geological region of interest. The method may further include determining an offset attribute and an azimuthal attribute. The method may further include determining, using the offset attribute and the azimuthal attribute, a virtual trace bin for the geological region of interest. The method may further include generating a virtual trace using a subset of the seismic traces and corresponding to the virtual trace bin. The method may further include generating a velocity model for the geological region of interest using a virtual shot gather including the virtual trace and various virtual traces. A respective virtual trace among the virtual traces may correspond to a respective virtual trace bin among various virtual trace bins. The method may further include generating a seismic image of the geological region of interest using the velocity model.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining an input gather regarding a geological region of interest. The method may further include obtaining parameterization data regarding a seismic processing operation. The parameterization data may correspond to a first set of process parameter values that are different from a second set of process parameter values that are used to generate the input gather. The method may further include generating a predicted output gather using a machine-learning model, the input gather, and the parameterization data. The machine-learning model may include an encoder model and a decoder model. The method may further include generating a seismic image of the geological region of interest using the predicted output gather.

Abstract: Spoolable composite pipes for oil and gas flowlines may include an inner extruded tubular liner, a reinforcement layer surrounding the inner extruded tubular liner, and an outer extruded tubular cover surrounding the reinforcement layer. In these spoolable composite pipes, the inner extruded tubular liner may include an aliphatic polyketone. Internally lined pipes for oil and gas flowlines for oil and gas flowlines may include inner extruded tubular liner containing an aliphatic polyketone, and a carbon steel pipe surrounding the inner extruded tubular liner. The spoolable composite pipes and the internally lined pipes may be configured to operate at temperatures of up to about 110° C., and to carry hydrocarbons having an aromatic content of up to about 35% by volume of the total hydrocarbons content.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that includes obtaining a seismic data set and a seismic wave propagation velocity model and approximating the seismic wave propagation velocity model as a plurality of layers each bounded by a first and second bounding depth. For each of the plurality of layers, the method includes: simulation of the propagation of a seismic wave through the layer using a two-way seismic wave propagation simulator; forming an over-determined system of linear equations relating at least one mono-frequency component of the seismic wave at the first depth to one mono-frequency component at the second depth; and determining a plurality of one-way seismic wave propagation operators by inverting the over-determined system of linear equations. The method further includes processing the seismic data set using the one-way seismic wave propagation. A system and a non-transitory computer readable medium for implementing the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining seismic data regarding a geological region of interest. The seismic data may include various pre-processed gathers. The method may further include obtaining a machine-learning model that is pre-trained to predict migrated seismic data. The method may further include selecting various training gathers based on a portion of the pre-processed gathers, a migration function, and a velocity model. The method may further include generating a trained model using the training gathers, the machine-learning model, and a machine-learning algorithm. The method may further include generating a seismic image of the geological region of interest using the trained model and a remaining portion of the seismic data.

Abstract: Systems for reducing the content of residual pollutants from tailpipes emissions in an exhaust line having a cold part may include an ozone generation system; an MnO2 catalyst; and a lean NOx trap (LNT) catalyst. In these systems, the ozone, MnO2 catalyst, and LNT catalyst may be provided in the cold part of the exhaust line. In these systems, the residuals pollutants may be oxidized at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about 150° C. in rich or lean conditions and NO2 may have a concentration of less than 0.1 mg/km in the tailpipe emissions downstream of the cold part of the exhaust line. Corresponding methods may include generating ozone from an ozonizer; injecting the ozone in a mixing chamber comprising the residual pollutants to form a first mixture; converting the first mixture using an MnO2 catalyst to form a second mixture; and converting the second mixture using an LNT catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system may include at least one catalyst in an exhaust flow path of an internal combustion engine to decrease gaseous pollutants from an exhaust gas, a first particulate filter downstream of the catalyst, and a second particulate filter with a porosity lower and a lower mean pore size than the first particulate filter and in a bypass flow line downstream of the first particulate filter, the bypass flow line being configured to open and close based on at least one condition of the exhaust purification system or conditions of the exhaust gas. The second particulate filter may be configured to be removed and replaced when full. A method of purifying an exhaust gas through the exhaust purification system is also described.

Abstract: A method of determining an arrival-time of a first seismic event in a seismic data set including, obtaining the seismic data set and an initial seismic velocity model, and determining an updated seismic velocity model based on the seismic data set. Furthermore, the method includes determining a simulated arrival-time of the first seismic event based on the updated seismic velocity model and defining a predicted time-window based on the simulated arrival-time of the first seismic event, and picking the arrival-time of the first seismic event in the seismic data set based on the predicted time-window.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber with a cylinder head, a cylinder, and a piston. The internal combustion engine also includes at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve that are connected to the combustion chamber, a fuel injector that injects fuel into the combustion chamber, at least two ignition devices arranged in the combustion chamber, and control means that control the valves, the injector, and the ignition means. The control means operate the engine according to different combustion modes including a controlled ignition combustion mode, a compression ignition combustion mode, and an assisted compression ignition combustion mode. The control means activate the ignition means in the assisted compression ignition combustion mode.

Abstract: A rock formation drill bit assembly with electrodes includes a drill bit including a hollow portion that extends along a longitudinal axis of the drill bit. The hollow portion extends from a first end to a second end opposing the first end. Cutters as positioned on the first end. The cutters are configured to cut the rock formation resulting in a rock core protruding from the rock formation into the hollow portion. The rock core includes a circumferential surface. Multiple electrodes are positioned within an inner circumferential surface of the hollow portion. The multiple electrodes are configured to apply electrical discharge across multiple locations on the circumferential surface of the rock core. The electrical discharge causes the rock core to fracture.

Abstract: A rock formation drill bit assembly with electrodes includes a drill bit including a hollow portion that extends along a longitudinal axis of the drill bit. The hollow portion extends from a first end to a second end opposing the first end. Cutters as positioned on the first end. The cutters are configured to cut the rock formation resulting in a rock core protruding from the rock formation into the hollow portion. The rock core includes a circumferential surface. Multiple electrodes are positioned within an inner circumferential surface of the hollow portion. The multiple electrodes are configured to apply electrical discharge across multiple locations on the circumferential surface of the rock core. The electrical discharge causes the rock core to fracture.

Abstract: A force stacking assembly for use with an earth boring system that includes a series of actuators that each generate a force, and that are arranged to create a combined force that is cumulative of all of the actuators. The actuators include members that react in response to an applied stimulus, such as from an electrical current or magnetic field. The members are arranged in series in a hollow housing, planar bulkheads are transversely mounted in the housing. Each of the members have an end axially abutting a corresponding bulkhead. Ends of each member distal from it corresponding bulkhead couple to a ram member, that in turn couples to a drill bit. Energizing the members causes each to exert a force against the ram member, which is transferred to the bit.

Abstract: A hybrid powertrain for powering a vehicle includes a micro turbine assembly with multi-fuel capabilities and a turbine drive shaft extending therefrom. The turbine drive shaft has a turbine engaged position where a turbine rotational output of the micro turbine assembly is transferred by the turbine drive shaft to wheels of the vehicle, and a turbine unengaged position where the turbine rotational output is independent from the wheels. A generator is selectively connected to the micro turbine assembly in parallel with a portion of the turbine drive shaft. A power storage device is chargeable by the generator and can drive an electric motor. A motor drive shaft has a motor engaged position where a motor rotational output of the electric motor is transferred by the motor drive shaft to the wheels, and a motor unengaged position where the motor rotational output is independent from the wheels.