Abstract: A method of rolling angle structural shapes in which a bar of rectangular ofile is rolled in a first step to form a blank having a rounded convex protuberance on one side and a flat opposite side. In at least one subsequent state, the blank is rolled to transform the protuberance or hump into a triangular protuberance or ridge with flanks lying substantially at a right angle, whereupon the blank is bent, after rounding the edges of the flat surface, to form the angle profile.

Abstract: A method of measuring the level of molten metal in a continuous casting m comprises inducing in the molten metal a magnetic field by a primary electrically energized coil and, by the relationship of this magnetic field to a pair of symmetrical secondary coils coaxial with the primary coil, inducing voltages in these secondary coils which are electrically connected in a circuit opposition so that the resultant voltage represents the level of the molten metal.

Abstract: A method of rolling angular structural shapes with flanges of equal width, specially from steel, in which a substantially round bar or billet is rolled in a first pass to a generally flat intermediate shape having a planar side and a side formed centrally with an upstanding triangular cross-section protuberance. Thereafter, in one or more passes, preferably no more than three passes, the blank is rolled to the angular profile in which the vertex is formed by the protuberance.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the level of liquid steel in a continuous-casting mold wherein the position of the molten steel level within the mold is detected by a coil juxtaposed therewith and forming part of a resonant circuit controlling an oscillator. The capacitor portion of this resonant circuit is formed at least in part by a coaxial cable connecting the coil to the balance of the oscillator circuit. The output frequency of the oscillator is combined with the signal of a reference oscillator in a modulator, the low-frequency passband of this signal is then transformed into an analog voltage proportional to frequency and is used to control a servomotor which regulates the feed of molten metal to the mold.

Abstract: A steel section 6 to 40 mm thick, emerging from a hot rolling mill at 1000.degree. to 800.degree. C. is surface quenched for 2 to 6 seconds at a cooling rate of the order of 1.5 to 5 MW/m.sup.2. During subsequent self-tempering of the quenched surface by heat from the remainder, the section tends to an equalization temperature of 500.degree. to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: Slag sand is produced by first mixing a stream of molten slag with a quantity of between 0.5 m.sup.3 and 0.7 m.sup.3 of water per ton of slag to chill the slag while leaving it above the pyroplasticity threshold. Thereafter water at a rate of between 0.3 m.sup.3 and 0.4 m.sup.3 is added to the slag to stiffen the stream and this stiffened stream is fed to a drum rotating at a rate between 600 rpm and 1000 rpm to break it up into fine granules which are collected on a foraminous belt.

Abstract: A method of cleaning phenol-containing waste waters as derived from coke-producing, chemical and other industrial processes comprises treating the waste water, generally without any preconcentration of the phenol content thereof or other prior treatment, with a one-use adsorbent, namely, brown-coal coke. The brown-coal coke is then subjected at least in part to a thermal treatment which can be a coke-producing process or combustion.

Abstract: The level of a metallic bath, e.g. of an iron melt in an ingot mold, is determined by recurrent electro-optical scanning of the interior of the vessel along a narrow vertical strip zone. The output signals of the scanner are processed in an arithmetic unit which averages successive readings, to compensate for fluctuations, and may also receive a corrective signal in order to offset periodic level changes due to an intentional rocking of the vessel. The arithmetic unit may work into a visual indicator and into a controller adjusting the rate of inflow and/or withdrawal to maintain the bath level substantially constant.

Abstract: The inner surface of a continuous-casting mold is efficiently lubricated by a lubricating ring rotatably held in a respective recess around the upper edge of the mold. The lubricating ring has a ring chamber for receiving the lubricant and radially inwardly directed distribution channels connecting the ring chamber to the inner wall of the mold. The ring is rotated either by a rotating electromagnetic field or by the lubricant supply itself. In the latter embodiment there are wings in the ring chamber and the lubricant is fed into the ring chamber tangentially thereto.

Abstract: An acoustic tube having several resonant frequencies is directed into the mouth of a rafining crucible and is heated to above 100.degree. C. A microphone at the remote end of this tube receives sound passing through the tube and generates an electrical output corresponding to the sound received. This electrical output is linearized over a band width including several of the resonant frequencies of the tube and the signal is then passed through a low pass filter to eliminate parasitic oscillations and through a mixer where it is combined with a signal from a local oscillator. The intermediate-frequency signal thus produced is passed through either of a pair of band-pass filters and is displayed. The signal strength at the output is inversely proportional to the depth of slag in the crucible, as the deeper the slag the more sound is absorbed in the crucible.

Abstract: A method of removing encrustations from a metallurgical lance comprising the steps of relatively displacing the lance and a tool with the tool in contact with a layer of encrustation on the lance and applying a repetitive movement to the tool against the layer to dislodge the layer from the lance and permit the layer to fall therefrom by its weight.

Abstract: Chain-link fencing consisting of a mesh of interlinked wire coils is flattened so as to have an overall thickness perpendicular to the plane of the mesh equal to between two and five times the diameter of the wire constituting the coils. Thereupon the flattened mesh is either rolled up into tight rolls, or is laid meander-fashion in a container. The mesh may be flattened by means of a platen press operating synchronously and immediately downstream of a fence-weaving machine that produces the mesh step-wise, or by a pair of rollers.

Abstract: Coal of a granulometry of 0.1 to 20 mm is injected into the blast-pipe manifold surrounding an iron-smelting blast furnace. The temperature of between 900.degree.C and 1300.degree.C in this manifold thermally disintegrates the coal by vaporizing volatile components such as water in the coal and reduces the coal to a mesh size of at most 1 mm. The fine particles of coal so produced are blown into the blast furnace through the tuyeres.