Abstract: A process for converting municipal solid waste landfills to aerobic conditions that will allow for a highly accelerated and enhanced bioreduction of landfill mass, followed by the optional excavation of the landfill cell materials subsequent to the bioreduction process, separation of excavated materials using trommels, screens, and other means as necessary, production of useable compost materials, and reclamation of recyclable plastics, metal, and glass.

Abstract: When elemental iron is in the presence of chlorinated compounds (contaminants) a naturally occurring reaction takes place and the chlorinated compounds are reduced and form harmless compounds. The production of extremely small metal particles containing elemental iron or a mixture of elemental iron and a second metal is imperative to this method of treating contaminants and is the subject of the present invention. When the particle is made small enough a surfactant is not required for the particle to do its job. The elemental metal may be kept in an elemental state by keeping it in an oxygen-scavenging environment. This is achieved by either suspending the nanoscale metal in a carbohydrate solution or by injecting a carbohydrate solution in atomized form into the gas used to inject the metal into the subsurface soil.

Abstract: A method and system are described for removing contaminants from the phreatic zone, also known as the saturation zone, or groundwater. A barrier wall is constructed below the ground surface and in the path of flow of a contaminated groundwater plume. A well is constructed in advance of the barrier wall and is connected to the barrier wall via a pipe. Various remediation media may be lowered into the well to perform remediation on the contaminated groundwater before it passes through the barrier wall.

Abstract: A method and system for removing contaminants from the phreatic zone, also known as the saturation zone, or groundwater. The technique preferably involves gas sparging while slowing down the sparging process by placing packing balls into an eductor tube. A preferred embodiment of the system is comprised of a means for supplying gas to the lower extent of a well which induces a flow of groundwater and gas bubbles up the well. The system may also contain a conduit within the well which extends below the water table. The conduit has a lower fluid-permeable section which is located below the water table and an upper fluid-permeable section which is adjacent to the water table. The system may further comprise an eductor tube contained in the conduit which extends from the top extent of the conduit to the saturation zone. Packing balls may be located between the eductor tube and the means for supplying gas to the lower extent of the well.

Abstract: A system for removing contaminants from the phreatic zone, also known as the saturation zone, or groundwater. The technique preferably involves gas sparging while slowing down the sparging process by placing packing balls into the eductor tube. A preferred embodiment of the system is comprised of a means for supplying gas to the lower extent of a well which induces a flow of groundwater and gas bubbles up the well. The system may also contain a conduit within the well which extends below the water table The conduit has a lower fluid-permeable section which is located below the water table and an upper fluid-permeable section which is adjacent to the water table the system may further comprise an eductor tube contained in the conduit which extends from the top extent of the conduit to the saturation zone. Packing balls may be located between the eductor tube and the means for supplying gas to the lower extends of the well.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for periodic analysis of trace amounts of volatile organic compounds in a waste gas provide for feeding of a sample of a waste gas first to an organics concentrator which isolates the volatile organic compounds from the waste gas sample and prepares a concentrated sample for feed to a gas chromatograph. In normal operation, a waste gas is continuously sampled from the waste gas source to produce a continuous waste gas flow through a switching valve and out a vent. A portion of that waste gas flow is periodically diverted by the switching valve and routed to the organics concentrator. The switching valve also receives calibration samples containing known concentrations of the volatile organic compounds prepared in a gas blender. It periodically feeds the calibration samples to the organics concentrator and the gas chromatograph for calibration of the system.

Abstract: An in situ method and system for reductive dechlorination, the precipitation of chromium, the precipitation of heavy metals, and microbial denitrification. The invention comprises the formation of in situ anaerobic reactive zones to precipitate and filter out dissolved heavy metals as metallic sulfides, to degrade nitrate to nitrogen gas, to reduce chlorinated hydrocarbons to ethene, and to precipitate and filter out chromium. The invention is comprised of an injection well or wells that extend into a contaminated saturated zone. A conduit located within the injection well conveys carbohydrates and sulfates to the contaminated saturated zone. Microbes digest the carbohydrates to produce sulfate reducing and methanogenic conditions within the reactive zone that include a dissolved oxygen level less than about 0.5 mg/l, a redox potential less than about -250 mv, and a dissolved organic carbon to contaminant ratio of greater than about 50:1.

Abstract: A method and system are described for removing contaminants from the phreatic zone, also known as the saturation zone, or groundwater. A barrier wall is constructed below the ground surface and in the path of flow of a contaminated groundwater plume. A well is constructed in advance of the barrier wall and is connected to the barrier wall via a pipe. Various remediation media may be lowered into the well to perform remediation on the contaminated groundwater before it passes through the barrier wall.

Abstract: A method and system for removing contaminants for the phreatic zone, also known as the saturation zone, or groundwater. The technique involves gas sparging and oxidation while increasing the surface area for mass transfer by the placing of packing balls into the eductor tube. The system is comprised of a means for supplying gas/ozone mixture to the lower extent of a well which induces a flow of groundwater and gas bubbles up the well. The system contains a conduit within the well, which extends below the water table The conduit has a lower fluid-permeable section which is located below the water table and an upper fluid-permeable section which is adjacent the water table.