Abstract: A method for estimating the temperature of a steel product including a calibration step wherein the intensities at 5 wavelengths ranging from 0.9 to 2.1 ?m are recorded for several measurement condition and spectral attenuation coefficients are computed, a measurement step wherein the intensities at said 5 wavelengths are recorded and spectral attenuation coefficients are computed for several temperatures and a comparison step wherein a probability test is performed to estimate the steel product temperature.

Abstract: A steel sheet made of a steel having a composition including, C: 0.3-0.4%, Mn: 0.5-1.0%, Si: 0.4-0.8%, Cr: 0.1-1.0%, Mo: 0.1-0.5%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Al: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.008-0.03%, B: 0.0005-0.003%, P?0.020%, Ca?0.001%, S?0.004%, N?0.005% and including optionally Ni<0.5%, having a microstructure including, in surface fraction, from 60% to 95% of ferrite, the rest being martensite-austenite islands, pearlite or bainite, and including a bulk and a skin layer occupying the outermost 10% of the thickness on either sides of the bulk, the skin layer having a skin layer inclusion population wherein the cumulated surface fraction of oxides, MnS and TiNbCN is equal to or below 75*10?6.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, the steel including, in weight percentage, 0.17%?carbon?0.25%, 2%?manganese?3%, 0.9%?silicon?2%, 0%?aluminum?0.09%, 0.01%?molybdenum?0.2%, 0%?phosphorus?0.02%, 0%?sulfur?0.03%, 0%?nitrogen?0.09%, and optionally one or more of the following elements 0%?chromium?0.3%, 0%?niobium?0.06%, 0%?titanium?0.06%, 0%?vanadium?0.1%, 0%?calcium?0.005%, 0%?boron?0.010%, 0%?Magnesium?0.05%, 0%?Zirconium?0.05%, 0%?Cerium?0.1%, and the balance including iron and unavoidable impurities, the steel sheet having a microstructure of—50% to 80% of Bainite, 10% to 30% of residual austenite, 15% to 50% of Partitioned martensite, 0% to 10% of ferrite and 0% to 5% fresh martensite in area fractions, and a ferrite-enriched layer extending up to 50 microns from both surfaces of the steel sheet, such ferrite-enriched layer having a mean ferrite content from 55% to 80% in area fraction.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a self-standing graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide film having a thickness between 0.4 and 4.0 ?m, including the successive steps of A) preparing an aqueous dispersion including 0.1 to 30 g·L?1 of graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, B) depositing the aqueous dispersion on a flat substrate coated with a polymeric film dissolvable in organic solvents and unsolvable in water, so as to form a wet film having a thickness comprised between 1 ?m and 3.5 mm, C) drying the wet film, D) separating the polymeric film from the flat substrate, E) placing the polymeric film in a support frame, F) showering the polymeric film with an organic solvent to dissolve the polymeric film, G) separating the graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide film from the frame to obtain the self-standing graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hot-rolled and coated steel sheet having a thickness between 1.8 mm and 5 mm. The method contains the steps of: providing a semi-product having a composition containing: 0.04%?C?0.38%, 0.40%?Mn?3%, 0.005%?Si?0.70%, 0.005%?Al?0.1%, 0.001%?Cr?2%, 0.001%?Ni?2%, 0.001%?Ti?0.2%, Nb?0.1%, B?0.010%, 0.0005%?N?0.010%, 0.0001%?S?0.05%, 0.0001%?P?0.1%, Mo?0.65%, W?0.30%, Ca?0.006%, hot-rolling with a final rolling temperature FRT, to obtain a hot-rolled steel product having a thickness between 1.8 mm and 5 mm, then cooling down to a coiling temperature Tcoil satisfying: 450° C.

Abstract: A method for producing a welded metal blank (16) includes cutting a first initial metal sheet (1) and a second initial metal sheet (3) from a first and second metal strip (4); joining the first and second initial metal sheets (1,3) by welding so as to obtain an initial welded metal blank (9), the initial welded metal blank (9) comprising a weld joint (10) joining the first and the second initial metal sheets (1,3); and cutting said initial welded metal blank (9) by a process involving metal melting so as to obtain at least one final welded metal blank (16) comprising a first metal blank portion (17) and a second metal blank portion (18) joined by a weld joint portion (19) consisting of a portion of the weld joint (10) obtained during the joining step.

Abstract: A low density hot rolled steel including of 0.12%?carbon?0.25%, 3%?manganese?10%, 3.5%?aluminum?6.5%, 0%?phosphorus?0.1%, 0%?sulfur?0.03%, 0%?nitrogen?0.1%, 0%?silicon?2%, 0.01%?niobium?0.03%, 0.01%?titanium?0.2%, 0%?molybdenum?0.5%, 0%?chromium?0.6%, 0.01%?copper?2.0%, 0.01%?nickel?3.0%, 0%?calcium?0.005%, 0%?boron?0.01%, 0%?Magnesium?0.005%, 0%?Zirconium?0.005%, 0%?Cerium?0.1%, and the balance including iron and unavoidable impurities, the steel sheet having a microstructure including of ferrite from 60% to 80%, 10% to 35% kappa carbides (Fe,Mn)3AICx, where x is lower than or equal to 1 and austenite from 0% to 10% wherein the microstructure grains having less than 4 GPa nano-hardness must be more than 45% and microstructure grains having nano-hardness of more than 5 GPa must be less than 10%.

Abstract: A method for preparing a precoated sheet is provided. The method includes providing a precoated sheet having a metallic substrate with a precoating on at least one of its faces and removing through laser ablation at least a portion of the precoating on the at least one face of the precoated sheet in a removal zone. The ablation step is carried out in an installation. The installation includes at least one protective element having a protective surface. During the ablation step, the protective surface contacts the precoated sheet in a contact area in register with the laser beam as the laser beam removes the portion of the precoating. A plane tangent to the protective surface at the contact area forms a dihedral angle with the plane of the face of the precoated sheet. This angle is strictly smaller than 90°.

Abstract: A cold-rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, has a composition comprising, by weight percent: n0.10%?C?0.25%, 3.5%?Mn?6.0%, 0.5%?Si?2.0%, 0.3%?Al?1.2%, with Si+Al?0.8%, 0.10%?Mo?0.50%, S?0.010%, P?0.020%, N?0.008%. The cold-rolled steel sheet has a microstructure consisting of, in surface fraction: between 10% and 45% of ferrite, having an average grain size of at most 1.3 ?m, the product of the surface fraction of ferrite by the average grain size of the ferrite being of at most 35 ?m %, between 8% and 30% of retained austenite, the retained austenite having an Mn content higher than 1.1*Mn %, Mn % designating the Mn content of the steel, at most 8% of fresh martensite, at most 2.5% of cementite and partitioned martensite.

Abstract: A method for manufacture of a hot-rolled steel sheet which includes: producing a liquid steel to which manganese, silicon, niobium, and chromium are added, the additions being made in a vacuum chamber, then desulfurizing the liquid metal without increasing its nitrogen content, then adding titanium, said additions being made so as to obtain a liquid metal having a chemical composition where the titanium and nitrogen contents satisfy: Ti/N>3.42, and the carbon, manganese, chromium, and silicon contents satisfy: 2.6C+Mn/5.3+Cr/13+Si/15>=1.1%, then casting a semi-finished product, then heating said semi-finished product to a temperature between 1250° C. and 1300° C. for a holding period at this temperature between 20 minutes and 45 minutes, then hot rolling said semi-finished product to a rolling end temperature TFL between 825° C. and 950° C., to obtain a hot-rolled sheet, then coiling said hot-rolled sheet at a temperature between 500° C. and 750° C.

Abstract: A metal powder having a composition including the following elements, expressed in content by weight: 6.5%?Si?10%, 4.5%?Nb?10%, 0.2%?B?2.0%, 0.2%?Cu?2.0%, C?2% and optionally containing Ni?10 wt % and/or Co?10 wt % and/or Cr?7 wt % and/or Zr as a substitute for any part of Nb on a one-to-one basis and/or Mo as a substitute for any part of Nb on a one-to-one basis and/or P as a substitute for any part of Si on a one-to-one basis, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration, the metal powder having a microstructure including at least 5% in area fraction of an amorphous phase, the balance being made of crystalline ferritic phases with a grain size below 20 ?m and possible precipitates, the metal powder having a mean sphericity SPHT of at least 0.80.

Abstract: A vacuum deposition facility for continuously depositing, on a running substrate, coatings formed from at least one metal inside a Vacuum deposition facility including a vacuum chamber, a coated substrate coated with at least one metal on both sides of the substrate and a coated metallic substrate.

Abstract: A steel for forging mechanical parts including the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight 0.2%?C?0.5%; 0.8%?Mn?1.5%; 0.4%?Si?1%; 0.15%?V?0.6%; 0.01%?Nb?0.15%; 0.01%?Cr?0.5%; 0.01%?P?0.05%; 0.04%?S?0.09%; 0.01%?N?0.025%; and can contain one or more of the following optional elements 0%?Al?0.05%; 0%?Mo?0.5%; 0.01%?Ni?0.5%; 0%?Ti?0.2%; 0%?B?0.008%; 0%?Cu?0.5%; the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel comprising 50% to 90% of Pearlite, 10% to 40% of Ferrite, with an optional presence of acicular ferrite between 0% and 2%, a niobium equivalent of 80% or more.

Abstract: A coated metal sheet includes a steel substrate and a coating on at least one surface of the steel substrate. The coating includes between 0.2 and 0.7% by weight of Al, with a remainder of the metal coating being Zn and inevitable impurities. The coated metal sheet was subjected to a skin pass operation after coating. An outer surface of the metal coating has a waviness Wa0.8 of less than or equal to 0.55 ?m.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet having a composition including the following elements: 0.1%?Carbon?0.5%, 1%?Maganeses?3.4%, 0.5%?Silicon?2.5%, 0.01%?Aluminum?1.5%, 0.05%?Chromium?1%, 0.001%?Niobium?0.1%, 0%?Sulfur?0.003%, 0.002%?Phosphorus?0.02%, 0%?Nitrogen?0.01%, 0%?Molybdenum?0.5%, 0.001%?Titanium?0.1%, 0.01%?Coppers?2%, 0.01%?Nickel?3%, 0.0001%?Calcium?0.005%, 0%?Vanadium?0.1%, 0%?Boron?0.003%, 0%?Ceriurm?0.1%, 0%?Magnesium?0.010%, 0%?Zirconium?0.010% the remainder composition being composed of iron and the unavoidable impurities, and a microstructure of the rolled steel sheet includes by area fraction, 10% to 60% Bainite, 5% to 50% Ferrite, 5% to 25% Residual Austenite, Martensite 2% to 20%, Tempered Martensite 0% to 25%, the balance being Annealed Martensite, which content shall be from 1% to 45%.

Abstract: Steel part having a chemical composition including, by weight %, 0.18?C?0.27, 0.18?Si?0.30, 1.0?Mn?1.5, 0.14?Cr?0.25, 0.02?Al?0.06, 0.02?Ti?0.06, 0.0020?B?0.0040, 0?S?0.008, 0.008?N?0.020, the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration process, having a microstructure including, in surface fraction, 95% or more of martensite, wherein the surface fraction of TiN particles in the skin portion is equal to or greater than 200*10, inclusions/mm2 and the average equivalent diameter of the TiN particles in the skin portion is equal to or smaller than 2.0 microns.

Abstract: Steel part having a chemical composition comprising, by weight %, 0.18?C?0.27, 0.18?Si?0.30, 1.0?Mn?1.5, 0.14?Cr?0.25, 0.02?Al?0.06, 0.02?Ti?0.06, 0.0020?B?0.0040, 0?S?0.008, 0?N?0.020, the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration process, having a microstructure including, in surface fraction, 95% or more of martensite and a prior austenite grain skin refinement ratio equal to or above 1.2, the ratio being defined as PAGS_B/PAGS_S, wherein PAGS_B is the average prior austenite grain diameter in the bulk (3) expressed in ?m and PAGS_S is the average prior austenite grain diameter in the skin (2), also expressed in ?m.

Abstract: A carrier device including a reinforcement arrangement (9) including: at least two adjacent reinforcement hollow portions (24, 25) both being traversed by the side wall (3) of the carrier device (2) and each made of an inner reinforcement hollow section (26, 27) of the inner reinforcement piece (14) and an outer reinforcement hollow (28, 29) section of the outer reinforcement piece (19), both reinforcement hollow sections being at least partially facing each other, and a longitudinal reinforcement fastening portion (30) located between the adjacent reinforcement hollow portions (24, 25), secured to the side wall (3), and made of an inner reinforcement fastening section (31) of the inner reinforcement piece (14) and an outer reinforcement fastening section (32) of the outer reinforcement piece (19), both reinforcement fastening sections (31, 32) being at least partially facing each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cold-rolled and annealed steel sheet with a strength greater than 1200 MPa, the composition of which includes, the contents being expressed by weight: 0.10%?C?0.255, 1%?Mn?3%, A?0.010%, Si?2.990%, S?0.015%, P?0.1% s, N?0.008%, it being understood that 1%?Si+Al?3%, it being understood that Cr+3Mo?0.3%, Ti in an amount such that Ti/N?4 and Ti?0.040%. A balance of the composition includes iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting. The microstructure of the steel includes 15 to 90% bainite, the remainder includes martensite and residual austenite.

Abstract: An equipment for the continuous hot dip-coating of a metallic strip comprising: an annealing furnace, a tank containing a liquid metal bath, a snout connecting the annealing furnace and said bath, through which the metallic strip runs in a protective atmosphere and the lower part of said snout, the snout tip, is at least partly immersed in the liquid metal bath in order to define with the surface of the bath, and inside this snout, a liquid seal, a moveable support system, on at least one tank side, comprising connecting means, an overflow connected to said moveable support system through said connecting means, comprising at least one vat and at a least one pump.