Abstract: A calibrating bar, for calibrating a multi-roll leveller for metal strips, the calibrating including a first groove on a first face wherein a first optical fibre is embedded by an adhesive, a second groove on a second face, being opposite to the first face, wherein a second optical fibre is embedded by means of an adhesive, the first optical fibre and the second optical fibre including a fibre Bragg grating and being essentially parallel, the first optical fibre and the second optical fibre being located at the same distance from the neutral plane N, the first embedded optical fibre and the second embedded optical fibre being configured such that they can be connected to an optical coupler and such that it has a sufficient length to extend over all the rolls of said multi-roll leveller.

Abstract: A TWIP steel sheet is provided having an austenitic matrix including by weight: 0.1?C?1.2%, 13.0?Mn<25.0%, 0.1?Si?3.0%, 0.1?Cu?5.0%, S?0.030%, P?0.080%, N?0.1%, 0.1?Al?4.0% and 0.1?V?2.50% in such way that:—when the amount of Al<2.0%, the weight ratio Al/V is between 0.2 and 8 or—when the amount of Al?2.0%, the amount of V>0.25%, and on a purely optional basis, one or more of Nb?0.5%, B?0.005%, Cr?1.0%, Mo?0.40%, Ni?1.0%, Ti?0.5%, and/or 0.06?Sn?0.2%, the remainder of the composition being made of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from elaboration.

Abstract: A method for producing a coated steel sheet having a tensile strength TS of at least 1100 MPa, a total elongation TE according to ISO standard 6892-1 of at least 12%, the product TS×TE of the tensile strength by the total elongation being at least 14200 MPa %, and a hole expansion ratio HER according to ISO standard 16630:2009 of at least 25%, the method including the following successive steps: providing a cold-rolled steel sheet, the chemical composition of the steel containing in weight %: 0.15%?C?0.23%, 2.0%?Mn?2.7%, with C+Mn/10?0.420%, 0?Cr?0.40%, with Mn+Cr?2.25%, 0.2%?Si?1.6%, 0.02%?Al?1.2%, with 1.0%?Si+Al?2.2%, 0?Nb?0.035%?Mo?0.1%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature TA so as to obtain a structure comprising at least 65% of austenite and at most 35% of intercritical ferrite, quenching the sheet from a temperature of at least 600° C. at a cooling rate comprised between 20° C./s and 50° C.

Abstract: Steel sheet suitable for a multistep hot stamping process and associated manufacturing process, the steel sheet having a composition including, by weight percent: C: 0.13-0.4%, Mn: 0.4-4.2%, Si: 0.1-2.5%, Cr?2%, Mo?0.65%, Nb?0.1%, Al?3.0%, Ti?0.1%, B?0.005%, P?0.025%, S?0.01%, N?0.01%, Ni?2.0%, Ca?0.1%, W?0.30%, V?0.1%, Cu?0.2%, wherein Q is less than 20, the factor Q being defined as (the elements are expressed in weight percent): Q=114?68*C?18*Mn+20*Si?56*Cr?61*Ni?37*Al+39*Mo+79*Nb?17691*B, the steel sheet having a microstructure including, in surface fraction, from 60% to 100% of recrystallized ferrite, less than 40% of the sum of martensite, bainite and carbides and less than 5% of non-recrystallized ferrite.

Abstract: A carbon steel sheet coated with a barrier pre-coating containing nickel and chromium in a weight ratio between 1.5 and 9, and a press hardening method for providing the carbon steel sheet coated with a barrier pre-coating comprising nickel and chromium are described.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of steel sheets for fabricating a welded steel blank is provided. The method includes a step of removing at least part of the first and second metal alloy layers in first and second peripheral zones of pre-coated steel first and second sheets, respectively, by simultaneously ablating the first and second precoatings in the first and second peripheral zones of the pre-coated steel first and second sheets to define first and second ablation zones, the first and second peripheral zones being zones of the first and second principal faces closest to the median plane and located on either side of the median plane.

Abstract: A tin coated steel sheet is provided for manufacturing a drawn can having: a thickness inferior to 0.7 mm, a yield strength inferior to 400 MPa, an average grain aspect ratio below 1.5, a strain hardening coefficient below 1.5, a tin coating from 0.5 to 4.0 g·m?2 on a first face and from 2.8 to 11.2 g·m?2 on a second face, a chemical composition comprising in weight percent 0.002?C?0.09 and 0.0015?B?0.005 and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the steel sheet having a ferritic microstructure with a mean grain size from 5 to 15 ?m.

Abstract: A hot rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, made of a steel having a composition including, by weight percent: C: 0.03-0.18%, Mn: 6.0-11.0%, Mo: 0.05-0.5%, B: 0.0005-0.005%, S?0.010%, P?0.020%, N?0.008%, and including optionally one or more of the following elements, in weight percentage: Al<3%, Si?1.20%, Ti?0.050%, Nb?0.050%, Cr?0.5%, V?0.2%, the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting, the steel sheet having a microstructure including, in surface fraction, from 10% to 60% of retained austenite, from 40% to 90% of ferrite, less than 5% of martensite, carbides below 0.8%, and an inhomogeneous repartition of manganese, characterized by a manganese distribution with a slope above or equal to ?40.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat-treated steel sheet having a composition including, by weight percent: C 0.3-0.4%, Mn 2.0-2.6%, Si: 0.8-1.6%, Al 0.01-0.6%, Mo 0.15-0.5%, Cr 0.3-1.0%, Nb?0.06%, Ti?0.06%, Ni?0.8%, S?0.010%, P?0.020% and N?0.008%, the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting, and having a microstructure consisting of, in surface fraction: between 15% and 30% of retained austenite, said retained austenite having a carbon content of at least 0.7%, between 70% and 85% of tempered martensite, at most 5% of fresh martensite and at most 5% of bainite. It also deals with a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: A lance (1) for blowing oxygen onto a bath of molten steel including a tip (15) provided with first oxygen ejector (16) and a distributor (17) provided with second ejector (18).

Abstract: A press hardening method including: A. providing a steel sheet for heat treatment, being optionally precoated with an aluminum-based pre-coating, B. deposition of a hydrogen barrier pre-coating comprising chromium and not comprising nickel over a thickness from 10 to 550 nm, C. cutting the precoated steel sheet to obtain a blank, D. heat treating the blank at a furnace temperature from 800 to 970° C., during a dwell time from 1 to 12 minutes, in an atmosphere having an oxidizing power equal or higher than that of an atmosphere consisting of 1% by volume of oxygen and equal or smaller than that of an atmosphere consisting of 50% by volume of oxygen, and having a dew point between ?30 and +30° C., E. transferring the blank into a press tool, F. hot-forming at a temperature from 600 to 830° C. to obtain a part, G. cooling the part.

Abstract: A method for estimating the temperature of a steel product including a calibration step wherein the intensities at 5 wavelengths ranging from 0.9 to 2.1 ?m are recorded for several measurement condition and spectral attenuation coefficients are computed, a measurement step wherein the intensities at said 5 wavelengths are recorded and spectral attenuation coefficients are computed for several temperatures and a comparison step wherein a probability test is performed to estimate the steel product temperature.

Abstract: A steel sheet made of a steel having a composition including, C: 0.3-0.4%, Mn: 0.5-1.0%, Si: 0.4-0.8%, Cr: 0.1-1.0%, Mo: 0.1-0.5%, Nb: 0.01-0.1%, Al: 0.01-0.1%, Ti: 0.008-0.03%, B: 0.0005-0.003%, P?0.020%, Ca?0.001%, S?0.004%, N?0.005% and including optionally Ni<0.5%, having a microstructure including, in surface fraction, from 60% to 95% of ferrite, the rest being martensite-austenite islands, pearlite or bainite, and including a bulk and a skin layer occupying the outermost 10% of the thickness on either sides of the bulk, the skin layer having a skin layer inclusion population wherein the cumulated surface fraction of oxides, MnS and TiNbCN is equal to or below 75*10?6.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, the steel including, in weight percentage, 0.17%?carbon?0.25%, 2%?manganese?3%, 0.9%?silicon?2%, 0%?aluminum?0.09%, 0.01%?molybdenum?0.2%, 0%?phosphorus?0.02%, 0%?sulfur?0.03%, 0%?nitrogen?0.09%, and optionally one or more of the following elements 0%?chromium?0.3%, 0%?niobium?0.06%, 0%?titanium?0.06%, 0%?vanadium?0.1%, 0%?calcium?0.005%, 0%?boron?0.010%, 0%?Magnesium?0.05%, 0%?Zirconium?0.05%, 0%?Cerium?0.1%, and the balance including iron and unavoidable impurities, the steel sheet having a microstructure of—50% to 80% of Bainite, 10% to 30% of residual austenite, 15% to 50% of Partitioned martensite, 0% to 10% of ferrite and 0% to 5% fresh martensite in area fractions, and a ferrite-enriched layer extending up to 50 microns from both surfaces of the steel sheet, such ferrite-enriched layer having a mean ferrite content from 55% to 80% in area fraction.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a self-standing graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide film having a thickness between 0.4 and 4.0 ?m, including the successive steps of A) preparing an aqueous dispersion including 0.1 to 30 g·L?1 of graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, B) depositing the aqueous dispersion on a flat substrate coated with a polymeric film dissolvable in organic solvents and unsolvable in water, so as to form a wet film having a thickness comprised between 1 ?m and 3.5 mm, C) drying the wet film, D) separating the polymeric film from the flat substrate, E) placing the polymeric film in a support frame, F) showering the polymeric film with an organic solvent to dissolve the polymeric film, G) separating the graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide film from the frame to obtain the self-standing graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hot-rolled and coated steel sheet having a thickness between 1.8 mm and 5 mm. The method contains the steps of: providing a semi-product having a composition containing: 0.04%?C?0.38%, 0.40%?Mn?3%, 0.005%?Si?0.70%, 0.005%?Al?0.1%, 0.001%?Cr?2%, 0.001%?Ni?2%, 0.001%?Ti?0.2%, Nb?0.1%, B?0.010%, 0.0005%?N?0.010%, 0.0001%?S?0.05%, 0.0001%?P?0.1%, Mo?0.65%, W?0.30%, Ca?0.006%, hot-rolling with a final rolling temperature FRT, to obtain a hot-rolled steel product having a thickness between 1.8 mm and 5 mm, then cooling down to a coiling temperature Tcoil satisfying: 450° C.

Abstract: A method for producing a welded metal blank (16) includes cutting a first initial metal sheet (1) and a second initial metal sheet (3) from a first and second metal strip (4); joining the first and second initial metal sheets (1,3) by welding so as to obtain an initial welded metal blank (9), the initial welded metal blank (9) comprising a weld joint (10) joining the first and the second initial metal sheets (1,3); and cutting said initial welded metal blank (9) by a process involving metal melting so as to obtain at least one final welded metal blank (16) comprising a first metal blank portion (17) and a second metal blank portion (18) joined by a weld joint portion (19) consisting of a portion of the weld joint (10) obtained during the joining step.

Abstract: A low density hot rolled steel including of 0.12%?carbon?0.25%, 3%?manganese?10%, 3.5%?aluminum?6.5%, 0%?phosphorus?0.1%, 0%?sulfur?0.03%, 0%?nitrogen?0.1%, 0%?silicon?2%, 0.01%?niobium?0.03%, 0.01%?titanium?0.2%, 0%?molybdenum?0.5%, 0%?chromium?0.6%, 0.01%?copper?2.0%, 0.01%?nickel?3.0%, 0%?calcium?0.005%, 0%?boron?0.01%, 0%?Magnesium?0.005%, 0%?Zirconium?0.005%, 0%?Cerium?0.1%, and the balance including iron and unavoidable impurities, the steel sheet having a microstructure including of ferrite from 60% to 80%, 10% to 35% kappa carbides (Fe,Mn)3AICx, where x is lower than or equal to 1 and austenite from 0% to 10% wherein the microstructure grains having less than 4 GPa nano-hardness must be more than 45% and microstructure grains having nano-hardness of more than 5 GPa must be less than 10%.

Abstract: A method for preparing a precoated sheet is provided. The method includes providing a precoated sheet having a metallic substrate with a precoating on at least one of its faces and removing through laser ablation at least a portion of the precoating on the at least one face of the precoated sheet in a removal zone. The ablation step is carried out in an installation. The installation includes at least one protective element having a protective surface. During the ablation step, the protective surface contacts the precoated sheet in a contact area in register with the laser beam as the laser beam removes the portion of the precoating. A plane tangent to the protective surface at the contact area forms a dihedral angle with the plane of the face of the precoated sheet. This angle is strictly smaller than 90°.

Abstract: A cold-rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, has a composition comprising, by weight percent: n0.10%?C?0.25%, 3.5%?Mn?6.0%, 0.5%?Si?2.0%, 0.3%?Al?1.2%, with Si+Al?0.8%, 0.10%?Mo?0.50%, S?0.010%, P?0.020%, N?0.008%. The cold-rolled steel sheet has a microstructure consisting of, in surface fraction: between 10% and 45% of ferrite, having an average grain size of at most 1.3 ?m, the product of the surface fraction of ferrite by the average grain size of the ferrite being of at most 35 ?m %, between 8% and 30% of retained austenite, the retained austenite having an Mn content higher than 1.1*Mn %, Mn % designating the Mn content of the steel, at most 8% of fresh martensite, at most 2.5% of cementite and partitioned martensite.