Abstract: A container (100), comprising a thread (120) arranged around an opening (110) for engaging a corresponding thread (120) of a closure (400), more than four retention members (140) arranged around the opening (110), each retention member (140) having an end-face for abutting a member (510) on an interior surface of the closure (400) to impede unthreading of the closure (400), the retention members (140) being arranged such that a tangent (170) to each end-face of the retention members (140) intersects a plane (160, 350) bisecting the container (100) at an obtuse angle (171), wherein the retention members (140) are arranged in first and second groups, the first group (141, 410) comprising one retention member (140) having an end-face substantially parallel to the plane bisecting the container (100), and the second group (142, 420) comprising two or more retention members (140), the first and second groups being arranged on one side of the plane (160, 350), each in a respective quadrant of the container (100), th

Abstract: A composition for intranasal delivery of a drug comprising: includes: (i) the drug; and (ii) a non-aqueous vehicle containing (a) propylene glycol and at least one additional solvent selected from N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide and at least one propylene glycol fatty acid ester; (b) from about 40 to 100% by volume of N-methylpyrrolidone; or (c) from about 40 to 100% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Abstract: A powder composition for intranasal delivery includes a benzodiazepine drug and chitosan, a salt of chitosan, a derivative of chitosan or a salt of a derivative of chitosan.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid composition for oral administration comprising: (i) a drug compound; (ii) chitosan or a derivative thereof or a salt of chitosan or salt of a derivative of chitosan; and (iii) an organic acid. Preferably the drug compound is a polar molecule having a molecular weight of 1 KDa or less, a peptide, a protein or a polysaccharide. The compositions of the invention provide enhance absorption of the drug compound.

Abstract: An oral drug delivery composition includes a sustained release component which includes a corticosteroid drug and which is contained within a capsule that has been treated so that the sustained release component is predominately released from the capsule in the intestine following oral administration. A drug delivery composition for delivering a corticosteroid drug to the intestine also includes: (a) a sustained release component comprising a corticosteroid drug, an alkali-containing ethylcellulose material and an acid; and (b) a delayed release component which substantially prevents release of the sustained release component until the composition reaches the intestine following oral administration. The compositions of the invention are useful for treating inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and for treating glomerulonephritis.

Abstract: There is provided a powder formulation for nasal delivery including a protein having a molecular weight of 10 kDa or greater and chitosan or a derivative thereof or a salt of chitosan or a salt of a derivative of chitosan. Preferably the protein is human growth hormone.

Abstract: Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions contain a drug; microcrystalline cellulose; a diluent (such as starch); a glidant (such as talc); and one or more of ethylcellulose, stearic acid and a salt of stearic acid. Preferred drugs include those that exhibit a low degree of solubility combined with a high potency, particularly thyroid hormones, such as liothyronine.

Abstract: A liquid aqueous formulation for the intranasal administration of apomorphine includes: (a) at least about 15 mg/ml of apomorphine; and (b) a solubilising agent selected from (i) at least one polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer (poloxamer); (ii) at least one cyclodextrin; and (iii) at least one cyclodextrin together with chitosan. The formulations of the invention can be used in the treatment or management of Parkinson's disease and erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: A composition for the intranasal delivery of fentanyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to an animal includes an aqueous solution of fentanyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable additive selected from (i) a pectin and (ii) a poloxamer and chitosan or a salt or derivative thereof; provided that when the composition comprises a pectin it is substantially free of divalent metal ions; and which, in comparison to a simple aqueous solution of fentanyl administered intranasally at the same dose, provides a peak plasma concentration of fentanyl (Cmax) that is from 10 to 80% of that achieved using a simple aqueous solution of fentanyl administered intranasally at an identical fentanyl dose. A method for treating or managing pain by intranasally administering the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions for the intranasal administration of zolpidem or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Preferred compositions of the invention are in the form of aqueous solutions. Optionally the compositions of the invention comprise a cyclodextrin and/or chitosan, a salt or derivative thereof or a salt of a derivative of chitosan. The compositions can be used for the treatment or prevention insomnia or the treatment of neurological disorders such as those arising from brain trauma, stroke and spinocerebellar ataxia or in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Compositions are provided for the intranasal administration of granisetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Preferred compositions are in the form of an aqueous solution. Optionally, the compositions comprise chitosan, a salt or derivative thereof or a salt of a derivative of chitosan. The compositions can be used for the treatment or prevention of nausea and/or vomiting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quaternized polymers, especially of chitin/chitosan type, and to carbohydrate polymers carrying quaternized ammonium groups, especially piperazinium groups. Such polymers are characterized i.a. by improved solubility characteristics.

Abstract: Aqueous formulations suitable for intranasal administration comprise buprenorphine or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof and (a) a pectin having a degree of esterification of less than 50%, (b) chitosan and a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer (poloxamer) or (c) chitosan and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Such formulations can induce rapid and prolonged analgesia when delivered intranasally to a patient. The buprenorphine or buprenorphine salt or ester may be delivered to the bloodstream to produce within 30 minutes a therapeutic plasma concentration of buprenorphine, Cther, of 0.2 ng/ml or greater which is maintained for a duration Tmaint of at least 2 hours.

Abstract: There is provided a powder formulation for nasal delivery including a protein having a molecular weight of 10 kDa or greater and chitosan or a derivative thereof or a salt of chitosan or a salt of a derivative of chitosan. Preferably the protein is human growth hormone.

Abstract: There is provided vaccine compositions for intranasal administration, which compositions comprise one or more antigens and an effective adjuvant amount of a chitosan.