Abstract: A tilting, preferably three-wheeled, vehicle is disclosed that has a tilting mechanism and a universal steering linkage that allows the vehicle to have leaning and steering characteristics substantially similar to those offered by an in-line two-wheeled vehicle, but that does not require complex linkages and/or control systems to operate effectively. A tilting linkage is operably secured to a frame to allow a pair of spaced apart wheels to remain substantially aligned with the plane of the vehicle throughout its range of movement while still providing an increasing camber between the wheels as tiling of the vehicle increases. A tilting lock system may be provide to limit tilting of the vehicle upon predetermined criteria.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Abstract: A busbar system comprises an electrically conductive busbar having multiple ridges that project from a first side of the busbar. Each ridge defines a channel having an opening on a second side of the busbar. Interior facing surfaces of each ridge that define the channel are substantially smooth and/or free of protrusions or teeth prior to the ridge being externally crimped. The busbar system further comprises multiple electrically conductive electrical contacts having a substantially broad and thin configuration, wherein one or more of the electrical contacts are secured within each channel of the busbar by the ridge being externally crimped by a tool having surfaces that include one or more protrusions.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Abstract: A dual-independent powertrain for a vehicle includes a transmission enclosure that houses a first transmission and a second transmission that are mechanically decoupled from each other. The enclosure includes a central frame, a first enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a first transmission region on a first side of the central frame, and a second enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a second transmission region on a second side of the central frame. The first transmission is housed within the first transmission region, and the second transmission is house within the second transmission region. Each transmission includes a motor-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective electric motor, a drive-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective drive wheel of a vehicle, and a multi-stage gear train mechanically coupling the motor-interfacing shaft and the drive-interfacing shaft.

Abstract: A busbar system comprises an electrically conductive busbar having multiple ridges that project from a first side of the busbar. Each ridge defines a channel having an opening on a second side of the busbar. Interior facing surfaces of each ridge that define the channel are substantially smooth and/or free of protrusions or teeth prior to the ridge being externally crimped. The busbar system further comprises multiple electrically conductive electrical contacts having a substantially broad and thin configuration, wherein one or more of the electrical contacts are secured within each channel of the busbar by the ridge being externally crimped by a tool having surfaces that include one or more protrusions.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed herein that includes a battery enclosure and a battery assembly contained within or substantially surrounded by the enclosure. The enclosure may include enclosure walls having fluid pathways defined therein. In an example, enclosure walls are formed from multiple instances of a repeating modular wall component. A cooling fluid may be circulated through the fluid pathways to provide thermal regulation of the battery assembly. The battery assembly may include one or more electric batteries. An example battery assembly includes a plurality of batteries that are organized into rows. These rows of batteries may be electrically interconnected with each other by electrically conductive strips to form a battery pack. The battery system may be used to provide energy storage within the context of automotive applications or other electronic systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward apparatuses for packaging one or more cells in a larger battery pack, and apparatuses for electrically coupling a battery management system to the one or more cells in a battery pack. In the aspect of the present disclosure directed toward a battery packaging apparatus with integrated spring contacts, an electrically conductive element has first and second surface a, with the first surface electrically coupled to a first battery, and a first spring-like element that is coupled to the first face of the electrically conductive element. The electrically conductive element has a cross section such that the second surface contacts the spring-like element in first and second areas. The spring-like element is operable for providing a force on the electrically conductive element when the first area is translocated toward the second area.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle. A vehicle operator, when seated upon the seat or saddle, sits astride the one or more energy storage devices. A handlebar steering assembly is operatively coupled to a pair of front wheels to provide steering. The vehicle includes a single rear wheel.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle. A vehicle operator, when seated upon the seat or saddle, sits astride the one or more energy storage devices. A handlebar steering assembly is operatively coupled to a pair of front wheels to provide steering. The vehicle includes a single rear wheel.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle. A vehicle operator, when seated upon the seat or saddle, sits astride the one or more energy storage devices. A handlebar steering assembly is operatively coupled to a pair of front wheels to provide steering. The vehicle includes a single rear wheel.

Abstract: A dual-independent powertrain for a vehicle includes a transmission enclosure that houses a first transmission and a second transmission that are mechanically decoupled from each other. The enclosure includes a central frame, a first enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a first transmission region on a first side of the central frame, and a second enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a second transmission region on a second side of the central frame. The first transmission is housed within the first transmission region, and the second transmission is house within the second transmission region. Each transmission includes a motor-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective electric motor, a drive-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective drive wheel of a vehicle, and a multi-stage gear train mechanically coupling the motor-interfacing shaft and the drive-interfacing shaft.

Abstract: A dual-independent powertrain for a vehicle includes a transmission enclosure that houses a first transmission and a second transmission that are mechanically decoupled from each other. The enclosure includes a central frame, a first enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a first transmission region on a first side of the central frame, and a second enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a second transmission region on a second side of the central frame. The first transmission is housed within the first transmission region, and the second transmission is house within the second transmission region. Each transmission includes a motor-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective electric motor, a drive-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective drive wheel of a vehicle, and a multi-stage gear train mechanically coupling the motor-interfacing shaft and the drive-interfacing shaft.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle. A vehicle operator, when seated upon the seat or saddle, sits astride the one or more energy storage devices. A handlebar steering assembly is operatively coupled to a pair of front wheels to provide steering. The vehicle includes a single rear wheel.

Abstract: A dual-independent powertrain for a vehicle includes a transmission enclosure that houses a first transmission and a second transmission that are mechanically decoupled from each other. The enclosure includes a central frame, a first enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a first transmission region on a first side of the central frame, and a second enclosure cover that interfaces with the central frame to collectively define a second transmission region on a second side of the central frame. The first transmission is housed within the first transmission region, and the second transmission is house within the second transmission region. Each transmission includes a motor-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective electric motor, a drive-interfacing shaft that interfaces with a respective drive wheel of a vehicle, and a multi-stage gear train mechanically coupling the motor-interfacing shaft and the drive-interfacing shaft.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed herein that includes a battery enclosure and a battery assembly contained within or substantially surrounded by the enclosure. The enclosure may include enclosure walls having fluid pathways defined therein. In an example, enclosure walls are formed from multiple instances of a repeating modular wall component. A cooling fluid may be circulated through the fluid pathways to provide thermal regulation of the battery assembly. The battery assembly may include one or more electric batteries. An example battery assembly includes a plurality of batteries that are organized into rows. These rows of batteries may be electrically interconnected with each other by electrically conductive strips to form a battery pack. The battery system may be used to provide energy storage within the context of automotive applications or other electronic systems.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed that includes a battery enclosure and a battery assembly contained within or substantially surrounded by the enclosure. The enclosure may include enclosure walls having fluid pathways defined therein. In an example, enclosure walls are formed from multiple instances of a repeating modular wall component. A cooling fluid may be circulated through the fluid pathways to provide thermal regulation of the battery assembly. The battery system may further include a manifold that distributes the fluid among the fluid pathways of the enclosure. The battery assembly may include one or more electric batteries. An example battery assembly includes a plurality of batteries that are organized into rows. These rows of batteries may be electrically interconnected with each other by electrically conductive strips to form a battery pack. The battery system may be used to provide energy storage within the context of automotive applications or other electronic systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward apparatuses for packaging one or more cells in a larger battery pack, and apparatuses for electrically coupling a battery management system to the one or more cells in a battery pack. In the aspect of the present disclosure directed toward a battery packaging apparatus with integrated spring contacts, an electrically conductive element has first and second surface a, with the first surface electrically coupled to a first battery, and a first spring-like element that is coupled to the first face of the electrically conductive element. The electrically conductive element has a cross section such that the second surface contacts the spring-like element in first and second areas. The spring-like element is operable for providing a force on the electrically conductive element when the first area is translocated toward the second area.

Abstract: A three wheel electric vehicle platform with two wheels in front and one wheel at the rear, a full safety roll cage, a propulsion and steering system operating through the two front wheels, and operator's and passenger's seats mounted in-line along the vehicle centerline. The propulsion system is an electric motor powered by an energy storage device driving a speed reduction and differential with dual outputs suitable for two wheel front drive. The operator's seat is narrower in parts than a conventional automotive seat such that the rear seat passenger's knees can comfortably straddle the operator seat to allow the distance between the two occupants to be less than a typical automobile. The driver's and passenger's heels comfortably fit into recessed wells within the energy storage device, thus allowing the driver's and passenger's center of gravity to be lower, while still maintaining a comfortable sitting position.