Abstract: A fuel cell includes a fuel source, an oxidizer source, and a plurality of electrodes each having a surface provided with an electrolyte. Relative movement is permitted between the electrodes and the fuel and oxidizer sources such that, when the electrodes are coupled to a load, each electrode is switched between (a) an anode condition wherein the electrode communicates with the fuel source for oxidizing the fuel and conducting electrons from the oxidized fuel to the load, and (b) a cathode condition wherein the electrode communicates with the oxidizer source and receives electrons from the load for reducing the oxidizer. The fuel cell also includes a driver to affect the relative movement between the electrodes and the fuel and oxidizer sources so as to continuously switch the electrodes between the anode and cathode conditions.