Abstract: The present invention provides an annealing separator composition for coating grain oriented electrical steel prior to the final high temperature anneal for secondary grain growth. The magnesia based coating contains at least 20% silica on a water free basis. The large silica additions limit the interface between the coating and the base metal and results in a thick glass which is easily removed. The magnesia coating develops excellent magnetic properties and does not require the normal strong acid cleaning or special abrasive means to remove the glass film which forms. The bare electrical steel, which may be coated to enhance the punching properties, has improved the die life because the hard glass film has been substantially removed.

Abstract: This invention is a blended powder mixture including a thermosetting resin and a solid, non-hydrolyzed, functional low molecular weight organosilane coupling agent. The powder mixture may be used to form a composite coating to protect a steel substrate from corrosion. The composite coating is formed by coating the substrate with an inorganic layer such as a silicate, depositing the powder mixture over the inorganic layer, heating the substrate to a temperature at least equal to the curing temperature of the resin and maintaining the substrate at the curing temperature for sufficient time to crosslink the resin and to diffuse the organosilane to the substrate whereby the crosslinked layer is coupled to the inorganic layer by the organosilane. The powder mixture includes 0.01-10 wt. % organosilane having a melting point no greater than the curing temperature of the resin. Preferred thermosetting resins include epoxy, polyester, epoxy-polyester, acrylic, acrylic-urethane or fluorovinyl.

Abstract: This invention is a blended powder mixture including a thermosetting resin and a solid, non-hydrolyzed, functional low molecular weight organosilane coupling agent. The powder mixture may be used to form a composite coating to protect a steel substrate from corrosion. The composite coating is formed by coating the substrate with an inorganic layer such as a silicate, depositing the powder mixture over the inorganic layer, heating the substrate to a temperature at least equal to the curing temperature of the resin and maintaining the substrate at the curing temperature for sufficient time to crosslink the resin and to diffuse the organosilane to the substrate whereby the crosslinked layer is coupled to the inorganic layer by the organosilane. The powder mixture includes 0.01-10 wt. % organosilane having a melting point no greater than the curing temperature of the resin. Preferred thermosetting resins include epoxy, polyester, epoxy-polyester, acrylic, acrylic-urethane or fluorovinyl.

Abstract: Painted metal sheet pretreated with a composite coating including an insoluble, inorganic inner layer and an organic outer layer. The inorganic layer is formed by rinsing the sheet with an alkaline solution containing at least 0.005M of at least one of a dissolved silicate or a dissolved aluminate. The sheet is dried to form an inorganic layer having a thickness of at least 2 .ANG.. The inorganically coated sheet then is rinsed with a solution containing at least 0.1 vol.-% of a hydrolyzed silane and at least 0.02 vol.-% of a hydrolyzed crosslinking agent. The silane treated sheet is dried to form a siloxane layer having an average thickness at least 5 .ANG.. After being painted, the siloxane layer forms an adherent bond between the paint and the metal substrate. The metal preferably is a chromium alloyed steel and may be etched prior to being rinsed with the alkaline solution to remove chromium oxide to further enhance the paint adhesion.

Abstract: This invention is a blended powder mixture including a thermosetting resin and a solid, non-hydrolyzed, functional low molecular weight organosilane coupling agent. The powder mixture may be used to form a composite coating to protect a steel substrate from corrosion. The composite coating is formed by coating the substrate with an inorganic layer such as a silicate, depositing the powder mixture over the inorganic layer, heating the substrate to a temperature at least equal to the curing temperature of the resin and maintaining the substrate at the curing temperature for sufficient time to crosslink the resin and to diffuse the organosilane to the substrate whereby the crosslinked layer is coupled to the inorganic layer by the organosilane. The powder mixture includes 0.01-10 wt. % organosilane having a melting point no greater than the curing temperature of the resin. Preferred thermosetting resins include epoxy, polyester, epoxy-polyester, acrylic, acrylic-urethane or fluorovinyl.

Abstract: Steel alloys containing chromium may be hot dip aluminized in a bath having up to 15% silicon with improved wettability by using a bright preannealing practice in a box furnace having a substantially pure hydrogen atmosphere. The surfaces of the preannealed steel are easily coated if the box annealing furnace has a dew point of less than -60.degree. C. (-75.degree. F.). The preannealing should also include a minimum soak of at least 1 hour at a temperature of 675.degree. C. to 785.degree. C. (1250.degree. F. to 1450.degree. F.). It is important that the surfaces of the strip after preannealing are not removed prior to aluminizing. During the aluminizing operation, the strip temperature does not need to be heated to much above the bath temperature since the strip has already been preannealed. The furnace is maintained to avoid oxidation with an atmosphere which is typically a nitrogen, hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture.

Abstract: Painted metal sheet pretreated with an insoluble, composite layer containing siloxane. The composite layer is formed by rinsing the sheet with an alkaline solution containing at least 0.005M of a dissolved silicate or a dissolved aluminate, at least 0.1 vol.-% of an organofunctional silane and at least 0.02 vol.-% of a crosslinking-agent having two or more trialkoxysilyl groups. After the sheet is dried, the composite layer has a thickness of at least 10 .ANG.. After being painted, the siloxane forms a tenacious covalent bond between the paint and the metal substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steel composition and method for producing a high quality regular grain oriented electrical steel having less than 0.005% aluminum using a single cold reduction step. A high austenite volume fraction, the use of an annealing separator coating with high sulfur or a sulfur bearing atmosphere to provide strong surface energy grain growth, a quench after initial annealing to provide the optimum microstructure having a small amount of martensite with a fine carbide dispersion and various chemistry changes are included in the method. Excess manganese in combination with tin, which has been found to act similarly to excess Mn, are maintained at a total level less than 0.03%. The use of chromium in an amount ranging from 0.11% to 1.2% provides outstanding control of stability for secondary grain growth.

Abstract: A nonmagnetic austenitic stainless steel and articles produced therefrom, such as drill collars, having a 0.2% yield strength of at least 690 N/mm.sup.2 (100 ksi), excellent resistance to intergranular stress corrosion, good ductility, good corrosion resistance, very low magnetic permeability (less than 1.004) and resistance to galling and wear which is typically at least 50% better than found in previous drill collars, the steel and articles consisting essentially of, in weight percent, from greater than 0.05% to about 0.10% carbon, greater than 18% to about 22% manganese, about 12.5% to about 17% chromium, about 1.5% to about 5% nickel, about 0.2% to about 0.4% nitrogen, about 0.2% to about 0.7% vanadium, about 1% maximum copper, about 1% maximum molybdenum, about 2% to about 4% silicon, about 0.05% maximum phosphorus, about 0.03% maximum sulfur and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: Painted metal sheet pretreated with a composite coating including an insoluble, inorganic inner layer and an organic outer layer. The inorganic layer is formed by rinsing the sheet with an alkaline solution containing at least 0.005M of at least one of a dissolved silicate or a dissolved aluminate. The sheet is dried to form an inorganic layer having a thickness of at least 2 .ANG.. The inorganically coated sheet then is rinsed with a solution containing at least 0.1 vol.-% of a hydrolyzed silane and at least 0.02 vol.-% of a hydrolyzed crosslinking agent. The silane treated sheet is dried to form a siloxane layer having an average thickness at least 5 .ANG.. After being painted, the siloxane layer forms an adherent bond between the paint and the metal substrate. The metal preferably is a chromium alloyed steel and may be etched prior to being rinsed with the alkaline solution to remove chromium oxide to further enhance the paint adhesion.

Abstract: Metal sheet protected against corrosion by a silane treated inorganic aluminate coating. A thin aluminate coating was formed by immersing a galvanized steel sheet into an alkaline solution containing 0.005M dissolved aluminate for about 30 seconds. The sheet was dried to form an adherent aluminate coating having a thickness of at least 50 .ANG.. The aluminate coated sheet was immersed into a solution containing 1.0 vol.-% hydrolyzed organofunctional silane for about 5 seconds forming a silane film having a thickness of at least 20 .ANG. on the outer surface of the aluminate coating. Thereafter, the silane treated aluminate coated sheet was painted. The silane film formed a covalent bond between the outer paint layer and the inner aluminate layer. A steel sheet treated with the silane sealed aluminate coating had good corrosion protection, good paint chipping resistance and good paint formability.

Abstract: A metallic coated steel such as a galvanized sheet is coated with a thin siloxane film having a preferred thickness of about 45 .ANG. for providing temporary corrosion protection. The siloxane film is formed by rinsing the metallic coated sheet with an aqueous solution containing 0.5-2.0 vol. % silane and 0.1-1.0 vol. % crosslinking agent. The silane coating deposited on the rinsed sheet is cured at a temperature less than 200.degree. C. Preferred silane and crosslinking agents are .gamma.-aminopropyltriethoxy and (CH.sub.3 O).sub.3 SiCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3 respectively. The siloxane film may be removed by rinsing the metallic coated steel sheet in an alkaline solution prior to coating the sheet with a phosphate conversion coating and a paint.

Abstract: The present invention produces a regular grain oriented electrical steel using a single cold reduction step having excellent and highly uniform magnetic quality. The method includes the steps of providing an electrical steel band having Mn of 0.024% or less in excess of that needed to combine with S and/or Se. The band is provided with an anneal at a temperature of from 900.degree.-1125.degree. C. (1650.degree.-2050.degree. F.) for a time up to 10 minutes and slowly cooled to 480.degree.-650.degree. C. (900.degree.-1200.degree. F.) followed by rapid cooling to a temperature below 100.degree. C. (212.degree. F.). The annealed band must have a critical amount of austenite, .gamma..sub.1150.degree. C., of 7% or more. The annealed band is cold reduced in a single stage to the desired final thickness. The strip is decarburized and provided with an annealing separator coating on one or more surfaces of the strip.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring tubular products from one mill to another including a connecting table having the shape of a reverse curve. The table includes a base and two spaced apart walls attached to the base defining a passageway between the base and the sidewalls. A diverter is associated with the connecting table to divert metal product in a hot working state from a first conveying table onto the connecting table leading to a second conveying table. The connecting table preferably is associated with a welding and forming mill and a stretch reducing mill.

Abstract: Method of producing pig iron in a blast furnace. At least a portion of a top gas from a blast furnace is collected, dried and then heated to an elevated temperature preferably in the range of 900.degree.-1000.degree. C. An oxygen-enriched hydrogenaceous fuel is introduced into the furnace bosh and the heated dried top gas is introduced into the lower half of the furnace stack above the furnace bosh at a point above which the coke in the furnace is not reactive.

Abstract: Decarburized grain oriented silicon steel is provided with an annealing separator which forms a glass film after the final high temperature anneal. The magnesia used as the annealing separator has a total chlorine level of 0.01 to 0.20% by weight based on the weight of magnesia with at least 0.01% metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K. The chloride addition acts to seal the coating surface during the final anneal to control diffusion and stabilize the secondary grain growth. The glass film which forms during the anneal may be laser scribed for domain refinement without coating damage. The magnesia may also contain additions of phosphates, TiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, Cr and B. The temperature of the magnesia is maintained below 25.degree. C. to control hydration and eliminate the need for other additives in the magnesia slurry to control hydration.

Abstract: A telephone enclosure including curved sidewalls each having an outer panel, an inner panel, an acoustic panel and a body rail assembly. The body rail assembly comprises a plurality of rails, each of which have depending legs to receive the inner panel, outer panel and acoustic insulation panel. The enclosure further includes a back panel having one end mounted to the sidewalls, which together horizontally cover at least 180.degree., leaving an open front access to the enclosure. A support base mounts to another end of the post and a device for receiving a telephone. Further, the enclosure includes a ceiling assembly mounted to the housing assembly. The ceiling assembly includes spaced apart ceiling plates, a ceiling rail arrangement having a plurality of legs defining ceiling panel receiving slots to receive a translucent panel. The ceiling includes a light source to illuminate the translucent panel and the interior of the panel assembly. A shelf mounts to the sidewalls.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for forming a plastic coating on a metal strip. A metal strip is cleaned, surface treated, coated with an electrostatically charged plastic powder in an enclosed chamber using a plurality of spray guns positioned on both sides of the strip, inductively heated to above the melting point of the powder, and maintained in an infrared heater until the fused powder is flowed into a coating having a smooth surface and a uniform thickness. Thermoplastic and thermosetting coatings, having thicknesses of at least 10 microns formed using total induction and infrared heating times of less than 60 seconds, can be fabricated without cracking.

Abstract: Apparatus for horizontally plating one surface of conductive sheet with a metal or metal alloy. The apparatus includes an electrolyte holding tank, a horizontally disposed enclosed electrolyte conduit having extended inlet and outlet portions, a variable speed pump for passing electrolyte from the holding tank through the conduit and a rectifier for supplying electrical current. The holding tank includes means for dissipation of entrapped gas bubbles generated during metal deposition or caused by aeration. The conduit has a horizontal opening including an insoluble anode within the opening for defining a plating cell. The anode is positioned parallel to the axis of the conduit and in alignment with the opening. The plating cell includes means for supporting the sheet above the opening. The inlet and outlet portions of the conduit are positioned in-line with the plating cell.

Abstract: A continuous wave laser light beam is directed at the refractory lining within a furnace vessel, and the displacement as measured by a self-scanned linear array of the scattered light beam from a nominal or reference position measured to provide an indication of lining wear or damage. The video signal received by the linear array receiver provides information for mapping the worn or damaged areas of the vessel lining so that such areas may be repaired by a gunning spray nozzle. The inspection apparatus includes an optical filter which is temperature controlled to prevent wavelength shifts away from the nominal laser wavelength. The electronic processing circuitry includes a voltage controlled oscillator responsive to the average background level for modifying the scan rate of the linear array to compensate for changes in background level. The threshold against which the reflected laser beam video signal is compared is also a function of background level.