Abstract: An optomechanical pressure-measurement system measures pressure in the range of 10?6 Pa-10?2 Pa by measuring various properties of a vibrational mode of an ultra-thin membrane member. With independent measurements of the thickness and density of the membrane, in addition to the measured vibration mode properties, the system can operate as a primary pressure sensor. The membrane member is mounted on a vibration-isolated mount and is excited by a drive force. A laser beam impinges on the excited membrane, and an optical phase detector detects the amplitude of the oscillations, as well as parameters of the laser beam affected by the membrane vibration. In one embodiment, a mechanical damping is computed based on the amplitude or frequency shift (depending on the pressure range), and the pressure based on the ring-down time of the membrane vibration mode.

Abstract: A pulsed laser interferometer includes: a pulsed laser; a vibration controller that produces a vibration control signal that controls a vibrational frequency and vibrational amplitude of a structural member; an interferometer controller; a pathlength control stage that changes an optical pathlength for laser pulses; a pathlength reflector that moves in concert with the pathlength control stage to change the optical pathlength of propagation for the laser pulses; a light pulse detector that produces a light pulse detector signal; an interference light detector that produces an interference frequency signal; a signal mixer that produces a reference frequency signal; and a phase-sensitive detector that produces a vibrational amplitude signal and a vibrational phase signal from the interference frequency signal referenced to the reference frequency signal.

Abstract: A primary single photon optoelectronic neuron includes a photonic synaptic input waveguide; an optoelectronic synapse; a synapto-dendritic electrical connection in communication with the optoelectronic synapse; an electronic dendrite in communication with the synapto-dendritic electrical connection; a dendrite-neuronal electrical interface in communication with the electronic dendrite; an integrator in communication with the dendrite-neuronal electrical interface; a superconducting wire in communication with the integrator; an axon hillock electronic-to-photonic transducer in communication with the superconducting wire; and an axonic waveguide in communication with the axon hillock electronic-to-photonic transducer and that receives the axonic photonic signal.

Abstract: A light article includes: a substrate; a truncated cuboidal fin disposed on the substrate and including: a laterally-grown nanocrystal including a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different; a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin; and a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis; a side-injector disposed on the charge injection facet of the truncated cuboidal fin and that provides electrons to an active layer; and the active layer interposed between the side-injector and the substrate and that: receives electrons from the side-injector; receives holes from the substrate; and produces light in response to combining the electrons and the holes.

Abstract: A quantum waveguide infrared photodetector includes: a photon absorption layer that receives infrared photons propagating longitudinally along a longitudinal length of the photon absorption layer, converts the infrared photons into electrons, and communicates the electrons to a conductor layer; a first conductor layer that receives a first electrical potential; and a second conductor layer that receives a second electrical potential, wherein electrons produced by the photon absorption layer are communicated from the photon absorption layer: to the first conductor layer when the first electrical potential is more positive than the second electrical potential, and to the second conductor layer when the second electrical potential is more positive than the first electrical potential, an electrical current produced by the electrons is proportional to an amount of absorption of the infrared photons in the photon absorption layer.

Abstract: A dynamic physical resource block control apparatus dynamically controls allocation of a physical resource block and includes: a dynamic spectrum arbitrage controller in communication with LTE wireless channels and a secondary user, the dynamic spectrum arbitrage controller: produces a status request to the LTE wireless channels, receives channel status response from the LTE wireless channels in response to the channel status request; receives a PRB allocation request from the secondary user; and produces a PRB map in response to the PRB allocation request; and LTE wireless channels in communication with a primary user and the secondary user and that: communicates a PRB map to the primary user; receives primary user data from the primary user; receives secondary user data from the secondary user.

Abstract: A photonic resonator analyzer characterizes a photonic resonator and incudes a light source that provides a probe light; a photonic resonator that receives the probe light and produces product light; an optical detector that receives the product light and produces a product signal; a mode analyzer that receives the product signal and produces a resonator spectrum; and a spectral analyzer that receives the resonator spectrum, performs regression by fitting a non-parametric model to the resonator spectrum, and produces a thermal response function of the photonic resonator from fitting the non-parametric model to the resonator spectrum to characterize the photonic resonator.

Abstract: A neuromimetic circuit includes: a primary single photon optoelectronic neuron; a synapse in optical communication with the primary single photon optoelectronic neuron; and an axonic waveguide in optical communication with the primary single photon optoelectronic neuron and the synapse such that the axonic waveguide optically interconnects the primary single photon optoelectronic neuron and the synapse.

Abstract: A system for conducting inhalation studies includes an inhalation exposure chamber and an aerosol delivery line connected to the inhalation exposure chamber. The aerosol delivery line is configured to produce a bi-directional and symmetrical presentation of aerosol to the inhalation exposure chamber. A laminar flow element is configured to create an ante-chamber where complete and turbulent mixing of the aerosol occurs. A radial exhaust and the laminar flow element enable laminar flow of the aerosol through the inhalation exposure chamber.

Abstract: A nanotube spectrometer array includes: a substrate including block receivers; photodetectors arranged in an array with each photodetector including: a single wall carbon nanotube disposed on the substrate in a block receiver and disposed laterally along the block receiver; a source electrode on the single wall carbon nanotube; a drain electrode on the single wall carbon nanotube, such that the source and drain electrodes are separated from each other by a photoreceiver portion of the single wall carbon nanotube; and a gate electrode disposed on the substrate such that substrate is interposed between the gate electrode and the single wall carbon nanotube. The single wall carbon nanotube in each photodetector is a different chirality so that each photodetector absorbs light with a maximum photon absorptivity at a difference wavelength that is based on the chirality of the single wall carbon nanotube of the photodetector.

Abstract: An optical parametric oscillator for producing idler coherent light and signal coherent light from pump coherent light by balanced parametric dispersion includes: substrate cladding; a microring resonator disposed on the substrate cladding and including: a broadly transparent Kerr nonlinear medium including a annulus with a radius R, a height H, and a width W that provides a balanced parametric dispersion; and that: receives pump coherent light from a waveguide; and produces idler coherent light and signal coherent light from the pump coherent light, the idler coherent light and signal coherent light produced according to the balanced parametric dispersion of the microring resonator; and the waveguide disposed on the substrate cladding in optical communication with the microring resonator and comprising a broadly transparent medium such as silicon nitride and that: receives pump coherent light; and communicates the pump coherent light to the microring resonator for production of the idler coherent light and t

Abstract: A non-vacuum, non-contact spinner wafer chuck including: a basal member including; a fastener receiver that receives a fastener; a chuck collar including: an inner collar wall; and an outer collar wall; and an engagement surface that: receives and engages a wafer; a wafer engagement cam including: an engagement face that engages the wafer; an index cam disposed on the chuck collar and comprising: an index face that faces toward the fastener receiver and that engages the wafer; and a spinner engager disposed on the spinner-side surface of the basal member and comprising: a spinner arm receiver bounded by a wall and that receives a spinner of the wafer processing machine, wherein the wafer engagement cam and the index cam engage the wafer and maintains an orientation of the wafer with respect to the index cam in response to rotation of the wafer relative to the non-vacuum, non-contact spinner wafer chuck.

Abstract: A cavity buildup dispersion spectrometer includes a shutter that modulates coherent electromagnetic radiation at a shutter frequency; and produces modulated electromagnetic radiation; a frequency shifter that frequency shifts the modulated electromagnetic radiation to a shifter frequency and produces frequency shifted radiation; a resonator that produces cavity radiation from the frequency shifted radiation and the coherent electromagnetic radiation, receives an analyte; subjects the analyte to cavity radiation, and transmits the cavity radiation as transmitted electromagnetic radiation; and a receiver that: produces a detector signal from the transmitted electromagnetic radiation, such that the detector signal includes a beat frequency that corresponds to a change in a motion of resonator that includes a change in the distance between the mirrors or a change of refractive index of the analyte in the intracavity space.

Abstract: A triple point immersion cell article determines a triple point of a non-metallic analyte and includes: a first cryochamber including a first cryo-zone; a second cryochamber including a second cryo-zone that is: nested and disposed in the first cryochamber; and thermally isolated by the first cryochamber; a third cryochamber including a third cryo-zone, the third cryochamber being: nested and disposed in the second cryochamber; thermally isolated from the exterior environment by the first cryochamber and the second cryochamber; and thermally isolated from the first cryochamber by the second cryochamber; and a fourth cryochamber including a fourth cryo-zone disposed in the third cryochamber; a triple-point pressure vessel disposed in the fourth cryochamber; and a thermowell disposed in the triple-point pressure vessel.

Abstract: A photoacoustic photon meter includes: a photoacoustic generative array including carbon nanotubes disposed in a photoacoustic generating pattern, such that the carbon nanotubes: receive photons comprising optical energy, and produce thermal energy from the optical energy; and a superstratum including a thermally expandable elastomer on which the photoacoustic generative array is fixedly disposed in position on the superstratum to spatially conserve the photoacoustic generating pattern, and such that the superstratum: is optically transparent to the photons; receives the thermal energy from the photoacoustic generative array; expands and contracts in response to receipt of the thermal energy; and produces photoacoustic pressure waves in response to the expansion and contraction, the photoacoustic pressure waves including a photoacoustic intensity and photoacoustic frequency that are based upon an amount of optical pressure applied to the carbon nanotubes by the photons, a spatial photon fluence of the photons

Abstract: An absolute mass balance determines an absolute mass of an object and includes: a dual diameter wheel including: a balance fulcrum; and a balance beam disposed on the balance fulcrum and including: a main mass arm and a counter mass arm; a main mass receiver that receives the object; a main magnet system including: a first main coil that produces a first magnetic field; a second main coil that produces a second magnetic field; and a permanent magnet that produces a third magnetic field that interacts with the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field; a displacement measuring system that provides a null position of the dual diameter wheel and measures a velocity of the main magnet system; and a driving motor including: an eddy current damper that provides a constant velocity of the main mass receiver; and a counter mass magnet system.

Abstract: Making alkali metal vapor cells includes: providing a preform wafer that includes cell cavities in a cavity layer; providing a sealing wafer having a cover layer and transmission apertures; disposing a deposition assembly on the sealing wafer; disposing an alkali metal precursor in the deposition assembly; disposing the sealing wafer on the preform wafer; aligning the transmission apertures with the cell cavities; subjecting the alkali metal precursor to a reaction stimulus; producing alkali metal vapor in the deposition assembly; communicating the alkali metal vapor to the cell cavities; receiving, in the cell cavities, the alkali metal vapor from the transmission apertures; producing an alkali metal condensate in the cell cavity; moving the sealing wafer such that the cover layer encapsulates the alkali metal condensate in the cell cavities; and bonding the sealing wafer to the preform wafer to make individually sealed alkali metal vapor cells in the preform wafer.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and apparatus for characterizing high aspect ratio (HAR) structures of fabricated or partially fabricated semiconductor devices. The methods involve using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to determine average parameters of an array of HAR structures. In some implementations, SAXS is used to analyze symmetry of HAR structures in a sample and may be referred to as tilted structural symmetry analysis-SAXS (TSSA-SAXS) or TSSA. Analysis of parameters such as tilt, sidewall angle, bowing, and the presence of multiple tilts in HAR structures may be performed.

Abstract: An optical refraction barometer measures pressure based on refractivity changes and includes: an optical light source; an optical frequency controller; a first optical phase controller; a first polarization controller; an electronic reference arm in optical communication with the first polarization controller; a second optical phase controller in optical communication with the optical frequency controller; a second polarization controller in optical communication with the second optical phase controller; an electronic sample arm in optical communication with the second polarization controller and in electrical communication with the second optical phase controller; a second sideband frequency generator; a mixer in electrical communication with the detector and the second sideband frequency generator; and a first sideband frequency generator in electrical communication with the mixer; and a dual fixed length optical cavity refractometer.

Abstract: Provided is a process including: initializing a data block matrix; making supra-diagonal nodes that include at most one more node than sub-diagonal nodes; making a hash nodes with a hash sequence length that is proportional to a number of nodes in the row or column of nodes in which the hash node is arranged; and writing data blocks in nodes of the data block matrix such that a number of data blocks in nodes in the data block matrix is less than (N2?N) for N number of nodes in the data block matrix, wherein the data block matrix has dispersed data blocks.